Social Pharmacy Chapter 6 - Ethics in Pharmacy
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a role of a pharmacist?

  • Marketing
  • Manufacturing
  • Playing video games (correct)
  • Sorting

The role of the pharmacist is increasingly becoming more patient-focused.

True (A)

What are ethical dilemmas typically caused by?

disagreements on ethical behavior or application

What is the branch of philosophy that examines moral values of right and wrong human conduct?

<p>ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a principle included in pharmacy ethics?

<p>Financial gain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The values and ethical principles governing pharmacy practice encourage right human conduct.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do pharmacy ethics guide pharmacists for?

<p>patient care</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason behind ethical dilemmas in pharmacy?

<p>Patient satisfaction rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is no problem of flow of information between healthcare professionals and patients.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The use of placebo products can create a difficult situation for both physicians and pharmacists.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical dilemma is involved in the use of placebos?

<p>not telling the truth for the patient's benefit</p> Signup and view all the answers

The physician always initiates the action and the pharmacist is expected to go along with the deception.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ethical dilemma if a patient refuses to take a drug?

<p>The pharmacist knows the patient may suffer or die as a result.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ethical dilemma if a patient needs a drug but has no money to pay the pharmacist?

<p>the patient needs the drug but has no money to pay the pharmacist</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ethical dilemma if the drug is for AIDS and the pharmacist knows that the patient's wife is unaware of her husband's condition?

<p>the drug is for AIDS and the pharmacist knows that the patient's wife is unaware of her husbands condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ethical dilemma when a patient asks for further information or suspects a prescription for a placebo?

<p>The pharmacist must decide whether to inform the patient about the truth or continue supporting the physician's perceived intent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ethical dilemma a pharmacist must consider when a patient might present a prescription for a dosage regimen of four times a day?

<p>Whether to follow the prescription or adjust the regimen to improve compliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym APhA stand for?

<p>American Pharmacists Association</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ethical principle of 'autonomy' according to the APhA's Code of Ethics?

<p>An action is right if it respects the autonomy, independent choice, of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ethical principle of 'veracity' according to the Code of Ethics for Pharmacists?

<p>Telling the truth is right.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ethical principle of 'fidelity' according to the American Pharmacists Association's Code of Ethics?

<p>Keeping promises is right.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Code of Ethics for Pharmacists encourages pharmacists to avoid killing.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ethical principle of 'justice' according to the Code of Ethics for Pharmacists?

<p>Fair distribution of good and harm is right.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pharmacist is expected to always act with honesty and integrity in professional relationships.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pharmacist is expected to maintain professional competence.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pharmacist is expected to respect the values and abilities of colleagues and other health professionals.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pharmacist should serve only individual needs and not community or societal needs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pharmacist should seek justice in the distribution of health resources.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to consider the patient-pharmacist relationship as a covenant?

<p>It implies a moral obligation on the part of the pharmacist to act in the best interests of the patient, returning the trust given by society and the patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pharmacist is expected to place concern for the well-being of the patient at the center of professional practice.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pharmacist promotes the right of self-determination for the patient.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pharmacist is expected to avoid discriminatory practices in their professional work.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a pharmacist to maintain professional competence?

<p>Pharmacists have a continuing duty to update their knowledge and skills as new medications, devices, and technologies become available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pharmacist should refer patients to other healthcare professionals if their expertise is limited.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary obligation of a pharmacist is to individual patients, and their obligations do not extend beyond this.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pharmacist should be fair and equitable in the allocation of health resources.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ethical decision making is primarily based on intuition and personal beliefs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three fundamental assumptions on which ethical decision making is based?

<p>The ethical principles and values of the profession, the legal framework within which the profession operates, and the professional code of ethics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in making an ethical decision?

<p>Identify the problem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 'moral parameters' in the context of ethical decision making?

<p>Moral parameters refer to the values and principles that are at stake in the dilemma, often involving conflicting ethical principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human values are not considered important in ethical decision making.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of identifying relevant ethical principles for each alternative action?

<p>To analyze the ethical implications of each alternative action and decide which option aligns best with ethical principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ethical decision making is a straightforward and quick process, usually requiring minimal effort.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to justify your ethical decision?

<p>It demonstrates clarity of thought, consistency with ethical principles, and accountability for your actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key points to consider when anticipating objections to your ethical decision?

<p>You should anticipate objections from other pharmacists who may hold different values or perspectives, and be prepared to address challenges based on factual errors or faulty reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ethical dilemma

A situation where there are disagreements about what is considered morally right or wrong behavior.

Ethics

The study of moral values and principles that guide right and wrong human conduct.

Morals

Rules that govern behavior and define what is considered acceptable within a particular group or society.

Pharmacy ethics

The values and ethical principles that guide ethical practice in pharmacy, encouraging right human conduct in patient care.

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Beneficence

The principle emphasizing the commitment to act in the best interests of the patient, focusing on what benefits them most.

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Least harm

The principle of minimizing harm or risk to the patient, considering the least harmful interventions.

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Respect for autonomy

The principle of respecting the patient's right to make their own decisions about their healthcare, even if those decisions are not in their best interest.

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Justice

The principle of ensuring fair and equitable distribution of healthcare resources and benefits.

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Differing values

A situation where the values, sense of justice, and fairness of different parties involved may clash, leading to differing perspectives on the ethical course of action.

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Legal liability

A factor that can influence physicians' and pharmacists' actions as they strive to balance patient care with legal protection.

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Information overload

The rapid increase in medical knowledge and advancements in technology, sometimes leading to conflicts between physicians and pharmacists regarding treatment options.

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Flow of information

Challenges in communication between healthcare professionals and patients, particularly regarding information sharing and decision-making.

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Placebo use

Using a placebo, or a substance without active medication, can create ethical dilemmas. It involves withholding the truth from the patient, often initiated by the physician and carried out by the pharmacist.

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Patient medication refusal

This ethical dilemma arises when a patient refuses to take medication, even though the pharmacist knows it may be critical for their health.

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Patient financial limitations

A dilemma faced when a patient needs medication but can't afford it. The pharmacist needs to decide if they should provide the medication despite the financial burden on the pharmacy or patient.

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Confidential medication

This ethical dilemma arises when a patient's medication is for a sensitive condition like AIDS, and the pharmacist has knowledge the patient's partner is unaware of the condition.

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Patient questioning prescription

An ethical dilemma where a patient questions their prescription and asks for more information. The pharmacist needs to decide if they should provide more information, potentially contradicting the physician's instructions, or support the physician's intention.

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Dosage regimen conflict

An ethical dilemma where a patient is prescribed a medication with a dosage regimen that they are unable or unwilling to follow. The pharmacist needs to decide if they should adjust the dosage, impacting the medication's effectiveness.

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Code of Ethics for Pharmacists (APhA)

The American Pharmacists Association (APhA) Code of Ethics is based on these core principles that guide ethical conduct for pharmacists. The principles encourage pharmacists to act in a manner that respects individuals, promotes good, and upholds professional standards.

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Autonomy in Code of Ethics

This principle refers to the pharmacist's commitment to respecting the patient's right to make their own decisions about their health.

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Veracity in Code of Ethics

This principle highlights the importance of being truthful with patients and upholding honesty in all professional interactions.

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Fidelity in Code of Ethics

This principle emphasizes the pharmacist's obligation to keep promises made to patients and uphold their trust.

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Avoiding killing in Code of Ethics

This principle addresses the ethical obligation to avoid causing harm or death to patients.

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Justice in Code of Ethics

This principle underscores the importance of ensuring fair and equitable distribution of healthcare resources and benefits to all patients.

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Covenantal relationship

The Code of Ethics recognizes the special relationship between the pharmacist and patient as a trust-based covenant, requiring moral obligations from the pharmacist.

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Patient well-being emphasis

The Code of Ethics emphasizes the responsibility of pharmacists to prioritize the well-being of every patient with care, compassion, and respect for their privacy.

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Honesty and integrity

The Code of Ethics requires pharmacists to act with honesty and integrity in all professional relationships, avoiding discriminatory practices and actions that compromise patient care.

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Professional competence

The Code of Ethics highlights the pharmacist's responsibility to maintain professional competence by staying updated with new medications, technologies, and advancements in healthcare.

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Respect for colleagues

The Code of Ethics emphasizes the pharmacist's responsibility to respect colleagues and collaborate effectively, recognizing the importance of teamwork in healthcare.

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Serving individual and society

The Code of Ethics acknowledges that pharmacists have a responsibility to serve the needs of individuals, communities, and society, balancing individual care with broader societal concerns.

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Justice in resource allocation

The Code of Ethics calls for pharmacists to advocate for justice in the distribution of health resources, ensuring fairness and equality in access to healthcare.

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Study Notes

Social Pharmacy - Chapter 6

  • Course: PHR 118
  • University: Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University
  • Faculty: Pharmacy

مبادئ أخلاقيات الصيدلة Principles of - patient-focused.

  • This shift leads to more ethical dilemmas.
  • There's a growing need to teach pharmacy students ethical decision-making.

Role of Pharmacist

  • Manufacturing
  • Sorting
  • Marketing
  • Regulatory Affairs
  • Formulations
  • Dispensing
  • Medical team interaction
  • Academic endeavors
  • Research
  • Consultations

Introduction

  • Pharmacists' roles are evolving towards patient-centered care.
  • Patient-focused care increases the frequency of ethical dilemmas for pharmacists.
  • Training pharmacy students in ethical decision-making is crucial.

Why Ethical Dilemmas Occur

  • Ethical dilemmas arise from disagreements about ethical behavior or its application.
  • Ethics is the philosophical study of morality and right/wrong conduct.
  • Morals are rules that govern behavior.

Pharmacy Ethics

  • Pharmacy ethics are values and principles guiding pharmacy practice.
  • These guide pharmacists in patient care, upholding moral obligations and excellence.
  • Principles include: beneficence (doing good), least harm, respect for autonomy, and justice.

Reasons Behind Ethical Dilemmas

  • Differences in values and sense of justice between parties.
  • Legal liability concerns impacting physicians' and pharmacists' actions.
  • More available health information and technology create communication problems, resulting in issues between physicians and pharmacists.
  • Problems with information flow between healthcare professionals and patients: Patients' rights, confidentiality, and truthfulness are increasingly hard to consider correctly.

Ethical Dilemma Between Pharmacists and Physicians

  • Issues over placebo prescriptions.
  • Decisions may involve not telling the truth to benefit patients (initiated by physicians, pharmacists are expected to cooperate).

Ethical Dilemma Examples

  • Patient refusal to take medication despite risk, potentially deadly consequences.
  • Patients with limited or no financial resources needing medications.
  • A patient's medication needs are undisclosed to the patient's wife, even though the pharmacist knows the medication is for a condition concerning the patient's wife.

Ethical Dilemma Between Pharmacists and Patients

  • Prescriptions with complex or multiple dosages.
  • Patient difficulties following complex medication regimens.
  • Potential for harm due to adherence challenges.

Code of Ethics for Pharmacists (APhA)

  • Autonomy: Respect for the individual choice of others
  • Veracity: Truthfulness
  • Fidelity: Loyalty and promise-keeping
  • Avoiding Killing: Taking human life is wrong
  • Justice: Fair distribution of resources

Additional Ethical Principles

  • A pharmacist respects the patient-pharmacist relationship.
  • Pharmacists promote patient well-being in a caring, compassionate, and confidential manner.
  • Pharmacists respect the autonomy and dignity of each patient.
  • Pharmacists act with honesty and integrity in professional relationships.
  • Pharmacists maintain professional competence, staying aware of new medications, devices, technologies, and health advancements.
  • Pharmacists respect the values and abilities of other health care professionals.
  • Pharmacists consider needs of individuals, communities, and society.
  • Pharmacists strive for justice in the fair distribution of healthcare resources.

Ethical Decision Making

  • Three fundamental assumptions:
    • Ethical principles and values of the profession
    • Legal framework
    • Professional code of ethics
  • Procedure for making ethical decisions (steps):
    • Define the problem: Facts, risks, people involved.
    • Examine moral issues: Values involved and conflicts.
    • Evaluate legal considerations: Relevant laws and regulations.
    • Consider possible and preferred outcomes.
    • Apply ethical principles to options.
    • Determine any emerging ethical problems and solutions.
    • Select the best course of action.
    • Justify the choice by explaining reasoning to others.
    • Anticipate and manage objections.

Five Ethics of Life—General Advice

  • Listen before speaking
  • Earn before spending
  • Think before writing
  • Try before quitting
  • Live before dying

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Pharmacy Ethics - Chapter 6 PDF

Description

Explore the evolving role of pharmacists in patient-centered care and the ethical dilemmas they face. This quiz focuses on the principles of pharmacy ethics, ethical decision-making, and the responsibilities of pharmacists. Test your understanding of how ethics shapes pharmacy practice in today's healthcare environment.

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