40 Questions
What is the primary function of social perception?
To form impressions and make judgments of others
What is an example of nonverbal communication?
Facial expression
What is the term for the process by which individuals interpret and understand the behavior, intentions, and characteristics of other people in their social environment?
Social perception
What is the role of self-presentation in social perception?
To present oneself in a favorable light
What is social cognition in management?
The process of interpreting, remembering, and using social information in the workplace
What is the primary goal of perceiving others in social perception?
To form impressions and make judgments
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of social perception?
Analyzing data
What is the term for the process by which we interpret, remember and then use information about the world and ourselves?
Social cognition
What is perceiving others primarily about?
Understanding people's thoughts, feelings, and intentions
What is an example of how our perception of others can be influenced?
All of the above
What is the term for when our beliefs about someone influence their behavior?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
What is implicit personality theory about?
Assumptions about people's personalities
What is an example of implicit personality theory in action?
Assuming someone is friendly because they are outgoing
What are the 6 influences on how we perceive others?
Self-fulfilling prophecy, Implicit personality theory, Perceptual accentuation, Primacy-Recency, Consistency, Attribution of controllability
Why is perceiving others important?
Because it helps us navigate the social world effectively
What can self-fulfilling prophecy lead to?
A cycle of confirming our initial beliefs
What is the primary goal of forming impressions about others?
To navigate our relationships and interactions with others
What is the primacy effect related to in terms of memory and perception?
Remembering what happened first
Which of the following is an example of a nonverbal cue?
Tone of voice
According to the attribution theory, what do people make sense of by attributing causes to events?
The world around them
What is the result of forming a negative impression of someone?
We perceive them as unreliable or unmotivated
What is the purpose of using the context of the person's behavior when forming impressions?
To understand the person's behavior in relation to the situation
What is the recency effect similar to in terms of memory and perception?
Remembering what happened last
What is attribution of causality primarily concerned with?
Answering the question 'Why did this happen?'
What is the role of nonverbal cues in communication and social interaction?
They provide additional layers of meaning and context
What does the individual tendency to quickly form an opinion on a subject matter based on first information illustrate?
The primacy effect
What is the effect of the attribution bias on our interactions with others?
It can significantly impact how we view and interact with others
What happens when there is a delay in between the first and last information?
A new perception is developed
What is the result of a manager using a firm handshake and maintaining eye contact during a meeting?
They convey confidence and authority
What is the attribution theory concerned with in terms of events and behaviors?
Attributing causes to both internal and external factors
How do our own needs and personal goals influence our perception of others?
They have a significant influence on our perception of others
What is the main difference between the primacy effect and the recency effect?
The primacy effect is about remembering the first information, while the recency effect is about remembering the last information
What is the primary factor in attribution theory that determines whether a cause is internal or external?
Locus of control
Which bias involves attributing one's own behavior to external factors while attributing others' behavior to internal factors?
Actor-Observer Bias
According to attribution theory, which of the following is an example of internal attribution?
Attributing someone's success to their intelligence
In an organizational setting, what is the primary application of attribution theory?
Understanding employee behavior
Which of the following biases involves attributing one's own successes to internal factors but failures to external factors?
Self-Serving Bias
What is the primary goal of attribution theory in understanding behavior?
To identify causes of behavior
Which of the following is an example of external attribution?
Attributing someone's lateness to traffic
What is the relationship between attribution theory and social perception?
Attribution theory is a subset of social perception
Study Notes
Social Perception and Cognition
- Social perception refers to the process of interpreting and understanding the behavior, intentions, and characteristics of others in our social environment.
Perceiving Ourselves
- Self-concept: the collection of beliefs, attitudes, and values that define who we are
- Self-esteem: our evaluation of our own self-worth
- Self-presentation: how we present ourselves to others
- Self-expression: how we communicate our feelings, thoughts, and values to others
Perceiving Others
- Perceiving others involves making sense of their behavior, expressions, and cues to form impressions and judgments
- Influenced by factors such as past experiences, cultural norms, stereotypes, and nonverbal cues
- 6 influences on how we perceive others:
- Self-fulfilling prophecy: our beliefs about someone influence how we behave towards them
- Implicit personality theory: our assumptions about how certain traits tend to coexist in people's personalities
- Perceptual accentuation: we tend to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs
- Primacy-Recency: the order of presentation influences memory and perception
- Consistency: we tend to seek consistency in our perceptions of others
- Attribution of controllability: we attribute causes to behavior based on internal or external factors
Nonverbal Communication
- Facial expressions
- Eye contact
- Body language
- Touching
- Nonverbal cues play a vital role in communication, perception, and social interaction
Forming Impressions
- Forming impressions refers to the process of developing opinions or judgments about individuals based on available information
- 6 basic principles:
- Minimal information
- Special attention to salient features
- Context of the person's behavior
- Organizing perceptions by categorizing
- Using cognitive structure to make sense of people's behavior
- Perceiver's own needs and personal goals influence how they perceive others
Attribution of Causality
- Attribution of causality refers to how we explain the reasons behind people's behavior or events
- Theories and biases:
- Attribution Theory: explores how people make sense of the world by attributing causes to events
- Fundamental Attribution Error: tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal characteristics while overlooking situational factors
- Self-Serving Bias: attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external factors
- Actor-Observer Bias: attributing own behavior to external factors and others' behavior to internal factors
This quiz covers social perception, self-perception, and cognition, including self-concept, self-esteem, impressions, nonverbal cues, stereotypes, and attribution of causality.
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