Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of injunctive norms?
What is the primary function of injunctive norms?
Which theory suggests that people conform to social norms to maintain a positive social identity?
Which theory suggests that people conform to social norms to maintain a positive social identity?
Which of the following is an example of a descriptive norm?
Which of the following is an example of a descriptive norm?
What is the term for the process by which individuals learn and internalize social norms from their social environment?
What is the term for the process by which individuals learn and internalize social norms from their social environment?
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When are people more likely to conform to social norms?
When are people more likely to conform to social norms?
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What is human sexuality?
What is human sexuality?
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What is biological sex?
What is biological sex?
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What is the first stage of the sexual response cycle?
What is the first stage of the sexual response cycle?
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What is heterosexuality?
What is heterosexuality?
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What is asexuality?
What is asexuality?
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What is an important aspect of overall health and quality of life?
What is an important aspect of overall health and quality of life?
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What is an important factor that influences sexual health and well-being?
What is an important factor that influences sexual health and well-being?
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What is the final stage of the sexual response cycle?
What is the final stage of the sexual response cycle?
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Study Notes
Social Norms
Definition
- Social norms refer to the unwritten rules that govern human behavior in a particular society or group
- They are the expectations and standards that are shared by a group of people and influence how they think, feel, and behave
Characteristics
- Social norms are often implicit, meaning they are not explicitly stated but are understood by group members
- They can be descriptive (describing what people do) or injunctive (prescribing what people should do)
- Social norms can vary across different cultures and social groups
- They can be influenced by factors such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status
Types of Social Norms
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Injunctive norms: prescribe what people should do
- Example: "You should always wear a suit to a job interview"
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Descriptive norms: describe what people typically do
- Example: "Most people wear casual clothes on the weekend"
-
Subjective norms: refer to an individual's perception of what others think they should do
- Example: "I think my friends expect me to attend the party tonight"
How Social Norms Influence Behavior
- Social norms can influence behavior through social pressure, conformity, and obedience
- People are more likely to conform to social norms when:
- They are in a group setting
- They are uncertain or lack information
- The norm is seen as important or desirable
- Social norms can also influence behavior through the process of socialization, where individuals learn and internalize norms from their social environment
Examples of Social Norms
- Tipping at a restaurant
- Dressing formally for a wedding
- Not eating with your left hand in some cultures
- Using a fork and knife to eat in Western cultures
Theories of Social Norms
- Social Identity Theory: suggests that people conform to social norms to maintain a positive social identity
- Social Learning Theory: suggests that people learn social norms through observation, imitation, and reinforcement
- Diffusion of Innovations Theory: suggests that social norms can spread through a population over time, influencing behavior and attitudes
Social Norms
Definition and Characteristics
- Social norms are unwritten rules governing human behavior in a society or group
- They are shared expectations and standards influencing thoughts, feelings, and behavior
- Social norms are often implicit, varying across cultures and social groups, and influenced by age, gender, and socioeconomic status
Types of Social Norms
- Injunctive norms: prescribe what people should do, e.g., "You should always wear a suit to a job interview"
- Descriptive norms: describe what people typically do, e.g., "Most people wear casual clothes on the weekend"
- Subjective norms: refer to an individual's perception of what others think they should do, e.g., "I think my friends expect me to attend the party tonight"
How Social Norms Influence Behavior
- Social norms influence behavior through social pressure, conformity, and obedience
- Conformity is more likely when in a group, uncertain, or lacking information, or when the norm is seen as important or desirable
- Social norms also influence behavior through socialization, where individuals learn and internalize norms from their social environment
Examples of Social Norms
- Tipping at a restaurant
- Dressing formally for a wedding
- Not eating with your left hand in some cultures
- Using a fork and knife to eat in Western cultures
Theories of Social Norms
- Social Identity Theory: people conform to social norms to maintain a positive social identity
- Social Learning Theory: people learn social norms through observation, imitation, and reinforcement
- Diffusion of Innovations Theory: social norms spread through a population, influencing behavior and attitudes over time
Human Sexuality
Definition and Components
- Human sexuality encompasses thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to sex.
- Five key components of human sexuality:
- Biological sex: physical and physiological characteristics defining males and females.
- Gender identity: internal sense of being male, female, or something else.
- Gender expression: presenting gender to the world.
- Sexual orientation: emotional, romantic, and sexual attraction to others.
- Sexual behavior: expressing sexuality through actions and practices.
Sexual Response Cycle
- The sexual response cycle models physical and emotional changes during sexual activity.
- The cycle consists of:
- Desire: motivation to engage in sexual activity.
- Arousal: physical and emotional responses to sexual stimulation.
- Plateau: peak of sexual arousal.
- Orgasm: release of sexual tension.
- Resolution: return to a state of relaxation.
Sexual Orientation
- Sexual orientation refers to emotional, romantic, and sexual attraction to others.
- Types of sexual orientation:
- Heterosexuality: attraction to people of the opposite sex.
- Homosexuality: attraction to people of the same sex.
- Bisexuality: attraction to people of both sexes.
- Asexuality: lack of sexual attraction to others.
Sexual Health and Well-being
- Sexual health and well-being are crucial aspects of overall health and quality of life.
- Factors influencing sexual health and well-being:
- Physical health: presence or absence of sexual dysfunction or disease.
- Emotional well-being: presence or absence of emotional distress or trauma.
- Relationship satisfaction: quality of relationships with sexual partners.
- Social and cultural norms: cultural and social context in which sexuality is expressed.
Sexual Development and Expression
- Human sexuality develops across the lifespan, with significant changes during adolescence and adulthood.
- Factors influencing sexual development and expression:
- Hormonal changes: role of hormones in shaping sexual development and behavior.
- Social and cultural norms: cultural and social context in which sexuality is expressed.
- Personal values and beliefs: role of individual values and beliefs in shaping sexual behavior.
- Relationships and intimacy: role of relationships and intimacy in shaping sexual expression.
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Description
Explore the unwritten rules that shape human behavior in a particular society or group, including their characteristics and influences on thought and behavior.
