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Questions and Answers
The Social Model of Disability states that the individual is the problem rather than society creating barriers.
The Social Model of Disability states that the individual is the problem rather than society creating barriers.
False
The Cultural Model of Disability primarily developed within a European context.
The Cultural Model of Disability primarily developed within a European context.
False
In the Medical Model, disabled individuals are seen as victims who lack control and responsibilities.
In the Medical Model, disabled individuals are seen as victims who lack control and responsibilities.
True
Access needs in the Social Model of Disability are categorized based on impairments.
Access needs in the Social Model of Disability are categorized based on impairments.
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According to the Union of the Physically Impaired against Segregation, disability is a result of social organization that excludes disabled individuals from participation.
According to the Union of the Physically Impaired against Segregation, disability is a result of social organization that excludes disabled individuals from participation.
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Pinel developed five classifications for mental illnesses.
Pinel developed five classifications for mental illnesses.
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Victor, the wild boy of Aveyron, was discovered in his twenties.
Victor, the wild boy of Aveyron, was discovered in his twenties.
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Dorothea Lynde Dix advocated for people with mental illnesses to have better services.
Dorothea Lynde Dix advocated for people with mental illnesses to have better services.
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Eugenics was widely viewed positively by public officials in the early 20th century.
Eugenics was widely viewed positively by public officials in the early 20th century.
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Maria Montessori introduced the concept of eugenics in education.
Maria Montessori introduced the concept of eugenics in education.
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Study Notes
Understanding Disability Models
- Union of the Physically Impaired against Segregation defines disability as the restriction caused by social organization that overlooks individuals with physical impairments.
- The Medical Model views individuals as the problem needing change, labeling them as victims or clients lacking responsibilities.
- The Social Model identifies societal barriers as the issues, advocating for the removal of these obstacles to empower individuals with disabilities.
Historical Perspectives on Disability
- The Cultural Model emerged in North America, focusing on interdisciplinary approaches from social sciences for understanding disability.
- Key historical figures include Philippe Pinel, a pioneer of psychiatry, and Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, known for his work with the wild boy of Aveyron.
- Edouard Seguin, a student of Itard, implemented strategies for education that continue to influence practices today.
Policies and Advocacy
- Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) promotes individualized education programs (IEP) for students with disabilities.
- Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) ensures Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) for individuals with disabilities.
Evolution of Educational Practices
- The early 20th century witnessed a push for eugenics and social Darwinism, viewing individuals with disabilities as societal threats.
- The rise of special education began, with a focus on integration within mainstream classrooms per UNESCO (2017).
Inclusive Education Frameworks
- Inclusion, as per the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), adapts educational environments to be accessible to all students.
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UNESCO's criteria for inclusion include:
- Presence: Diversity in the classroom.
- Participation: Active engagement of all students.
- Achievement: Equal learning opportunities regardless of ability.
Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
- UDL seeks to minimize barriers and maximize learning opportunities for all students.
- Key components of UDL:
- Multiple Means of Representation: Present content in various formats (e.g., graphics, videos) to enhance understanding.
- Multiple Means of Action and Expression: Offer diverse ways for students to demonstrate knowledge and skills.
- Multiple Means of Engagement: Allow choices to foster student interest and autonomy.
Curriculum Design Principles
- Tailor curriculum to accommodate unique backgrounds, strengths, and needs of each learner to enhance success in academic settings.
- Effective curriculum should address three broad learning networks:
- Recognition (the "What" of learning)
- Skills and strategies (the "How" of learning)
- Prioritizing and caring (the "Why" of learning)
Physical and Instructional Accessibility
- Universal design in education mirrors architectural practices by creating flexible, accommodating spaces for all users.
- Incorporating UDL principles supports varied learning styles and fosters independence among students with disabilities.
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Description
Explore the Social Model of Disability and its impact on the perception of disability in society. This quiz will test your understanding of the definitions and frameworks surrounding disability as outlined by the Union of the Physically Impaired against Segregation.
