Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which condition indicates that competitive rivalry is high in an industry?
Which condition indicates that competitive rivalry is high in an industry?
- High growth rate
- High levels of differentiation
- Low fixed costs
- Many competitors (correct)
Which factor is NOT considered a barrier to entry for new firms in an industry?
Which factor is NOT considered a barrier to entry for new firms in an industry?
- Patents and licenses
- Low regulatory requirements (correct)
- High profit margins
- High startup costs
What is a potential reaction of incumbent firms to new entrants in the market?
What is a potential reaction of incumbent firms to new entrants in the market?
- Increasing product variety
- Lowering market responsiveness
- Reducing customer quality
- Implementing price wars (correct)
Which of the following factors can contribute to high exit costs in an industry?
Which of the following factors can contribute to high exit costs in an industry?
Which situation reflects a low threat of new entrants in an industry?
Which situation reflects a low threat of new entrants in an industry?
What economic factor is impacting the advertising revenues of social media companies?
What economic factor is impacting the advertising revenues of social media companies?
What socio-cultural trend is affecting social media usage?
What socio-cultural trend is affecting social media usage?
Which technological aspect can enhance user experience on social media?
Which technological aspect can enhance user experience on social media?
What environmental challenge could disrupt social media operations?
What environmental challenge could disrupt social media operations?
What aspect of political concerns is relevant to the social media industry?
What aspect of political concerns is relevant to the social media industry?
What is a potential outcome of the socio-cultural shifts in social media usage?
What is a potential outcome of the socio-cultural shifts in social media usage?
What economic consequence results from currency appreciation on social media revenues?
What economic consequence results from currency appreciation on social media revenues?
What might be the effect of open social media protocols on user experience?
What might be the effect of open social media protocols on user experience?
What is a key challenge of accurate forecasting in strategic decisions?
What is a key challenge of accurate forecasting in strategic decisions?
What regulatory aspect requires social media companies to act against hate speech?
What regulatory aspect requires social media companies to act against hate speech?
Which approach would likely be used to forecast the increase in the elderly population in the EU?
Which approach would likely be used to forecast the increase in the elderly population in the EU?
What is one outcome of staying in a regional union like the EU?
What is one outcome of staying in a regional union like the EU?
Which factor could lead organizations to make forecasting difficult?
Which factor could lead organizations to make forecasting difficult?
After the elimination of the 'Umweltbonus', what is likely to be affected?
After the elimination of the 'Umweltbonus', what is likely to be affected?
What would be an example of a consequence of exiting a regional union?
What would be an example of a consequence of exiting a regional union?
What is a potential outcome of participating in a currency union?
What is a potential outcome of participating in a currency union?
What is the first step in applying the five forces analysis?
What is the first step in applying the five forces analysis?
Which factor is NOT considered when evaluating competitive rivalry?
Which factor is NOT considered when evaluating competitive rivalry?
What does a high degree of differentiation in products typically indicate?
What does a high degree of differentiation in products typically indicate?
How should the pressures of the industry be evaluated?
How should the pressures of the industry be evaluated?
What could be a potential social cost of exiting an industry?
What could be a potential social cost of exiting an industry?
If the industry is in a declining phase, how should the number of competitors be perceived?
If the industry is in a declining phase, how should the number of competitors be perceived?
Which of the following indicates a company being 'locked in' to the industry?
Which of the following indicates a company being 'locked in' to the industry?
What is the significance of fixed costs in evaluating competitive rivalry?
What is the significance of fixed costs in evaluating competitive rivalry?
What characterizes megatrends in terms of change?
What characterizes megatrends in terms of change?
What primarily defines an inflexion point?
What primarily defines an inflexion point?
What do weak signals refer to in the context of trends?
What do weak signals refer to in the context of trends?
Why are scenarios important in strategic planning?
Why are scenarios important in strategic planning?
Which of the following is NOT a component of scenarios as described?
Which of the following is NOT a component of scenarios as described?
What is one of the characteristics of scenarios based on the content provided?
What is one of the characteristics of scenarios based on the content provided?
In the exercise regarding the transportation industry, which aspect involves higher uncertainty?
In the exercise regarding the transportation industry, which aspect involves higher uncertainty?
What distinguishes megatrends from other types of trends?
What distinguishes megatrends from other types of trends?
What makes the threat of new entrants high in a market?
What makes the threat of new entrants high in a market?
Which of the following is NOT considered a barrier to entry?
Which of the following is NOT considered a barrier to entry?
Which barrier to entry relates to the profitability of entrenched companies?
Which barrier to entry relates to the profitability of entrenched companies?
What is an example of a high entry barrier that affects potential entrants?
What is an example of a high entry barrier that affects potential entrants?
Which factor does NOT contribute to low barriers to entry?
Which factor does NOT contribute to low barriers to entry?
Flashcards
PESTEL Analysis
PESTEL Analysis
A framework used to analyze the external environment of an organization by examining six key factors: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal.
Political in PESTEL for Social Media
Political in PESTEL for Social Media
Refers to the influence of government policies and regulations on the social media industry. This includes potential antitrust measures against dominant platforms, regulations to curb the spread of misinformation, and policies addressing hate speech.
Economic in PESTEL for Social Media
Economic in PESTEL for Social Media
Economic factors that influence the social media industry. This includes inflation affecting advertising revenue, currency fluctuations impacting foreign revenues, and concerns about privacy leading to changes in business models.
Socio-cultural in PESTEL for Social Media
Socio-cultural in PESTEL for Social Media
Social and cultural trends impacting the social media landscape. These include growing concerns about mental health, phone addiction, and social media influence, leading to a shift towards smaller, niche communities.
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Technological in PESTEL for Social Media
Technological in PESTEL for Social Media
The role of technology in shaping the social media industry. Advancements in augmented and virtual reality can transform user experience. Open social media protocols allow data portability, and technological failures can disrupt service.
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Environmental in PESTEL for Social Media
Environmental in PESTEL for Social Media
Environmental concerns related to the social media industry. These include the impact of extreme weather events on data centers and the environmental footprint of online platforms.
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Legal in PESTEL for Social Media
Legal in PESTEL for Social Media
Legal considerations affecting the social media industry. This includes regulations on data privacy, content moderation, and the legal challenges associated with online content.
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Competition in PESTEL for Social Media
Competition in PESTEL for Social Media
The competitive landscape of the social media industry. This includes antitrust concerns, potential regulation of dominant platforms, and the ongoing battle for user attention.
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Megatrends
Megatrends
Large-scale, long-term trends with broad societal impact, like climate change or aging populations.
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Inflexion Points
Inflexion Points
Significant shifts in the direction of a trend, challenging previous forecasts.
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Weak Signals
Weak Signals
Small, fragmented pieces of information that can be difficult to interpret, like a rise in mortgage failures preceding a financial crisis.
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Scenarios
Scenarios
Alternative possible futures that help analyze strategic options in conditions of high uncertainty.
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Scenario Analysis
Scenario Analysis
A tool to explore interconnected environmental factors and keep managers open to alternative possibilities.
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Smart City Initiatives
Smart City Initiatives
Initiatives aimed at improving urban environments through technology, connectivity, and sustainable practices.
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Autonomous Vehicles
Autonomous Vehicles
Vehicles designed to operate without human intervention, powered by artificial intelligence and sensors.
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Public Transportation
Public Transportation
Public transportation systems designed to move people efficiently, often with a focus on sustainability.
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Macro-Environment Analysis
Macro-Environment Analysis
The analysis of external factors that affect an organization's ability to succeed. These factors are beyond the control of the organization but can still have a significant impact on its strategies and performance. It helps companies identify opportunities and threats in their environment.
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Forecasting
Forecasting
The systematic process of predicting future trends, conditions, and outcomes based on available data, knowledge, and assumptions. It helps organizations make more informed decisions and prepare for potential changes in the environment.
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Quantitative Forecasting
Quantitative Forecasting
A forecasting approach that uses data from past events to project future trends. It is based on the assumption that past patterns will continue in the future.
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Qualitative Forecasting
Qualitative Forecasting
A forecasting approach that uses expert opinions, judgments, and qualitative data to predict future events. It is often used when quantitative data is limited or unavailable.
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Industry Analysis
Industry Analysis
Analyzing the competitive landscape within a specific industry. This includes identifying competitors, understanding their strengths and weaknesses, and assessing the overall industry structure.
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Scenario Forecasting
Scenario Forecasting
A forecast that considers multiple potential outcomes and their associated probabilities, often for situations with high uncertainty. These scenarios help organizations prepare for various possibilities.
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Hybrid Forecasting
Hybrid Forecasting
A forecasting approach that uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. This approach aims to leverage the strengths of both types of analysis for more robust predictions.
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Time Series Forecasting
Time Series Forecasting
A technique that forecasts future events by examining past events and their relationships with current events. It's based on the assumption that past patterns can be used to predict future trends.
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Define industry boundaries
Define industry boundaries
Identifying the specific industry you're analyzing. Clearly define the products or services covered, the geographic scope (local, national, global), and the time frame.
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Identify parties
Identify parties
Identifying the different players that can impact the industry's profitability, including competitors, suppliers, buyers, potential entrants, and substitutes.
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Specify pressures
Specify pressures
Analyzing the level of pressure each party exerts on an industry. For example, high competition, strong buyer bargaining power, or the threat of new entrants can impact profitability.
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Evaluate pressures
Evaluate pressures
Evaluating the strength of each force, ranging from high to medium to low. A high force indicates a significant impact on the industry's profitability.
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Conducive to profits?
Conducive to profits?
Analyzing the overall attractiveness of the industry based on the five forces. High profitability is more likely in an industry with weak forces and vice versa.
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Competitive rivalry analysis
Competitive rivalry analysis
The intensity of competition among existing companies in an industry. Factors influencing this force include the number of competitors, industry growth, product differentiation, and exit barriers.
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Number of competitors
Number of competitors
The number of significant players in the industry and their market share distribution. A concentrated market with a few dominant players can lead to higher rivalry.
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Industry growth rate
Industry growth rate
The rate of industry growth. Slow or declining growth can intensify competition as companies fight for limited customers and market share.
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High Competitive Rivalry
High Competitive Rivalry
When many competitors exist, the industry grows slowly, high fixed costs are present, exiting the market is expensive, and products are undifferentiated. This indicates intense competition.
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Threat of New Entrants
Threat of New Entrants
This force assesses the ease with which new players can enter a market. It depends on factors like startup costs, regulatory barriers, and the reaction of existing competitors.
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Replicating Existing Advantages
Replicating Existing Advantages
Assessing the ability of new entrants to easily match or surpass the advantages of existing companies. This can involve replicating technology, accessing resources, or building a strong brand.
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Attractive Profit Margins
Attractive Profit Margins
The likelihood of new entrants depends on the profitability of the industry. High profit margins attract newcomers, while low profits discourage entry.
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Aggressive Incumbent Behavior
Aggressive Incumbent Behavior
Aggressive behavior by existing players aims to deter new entrants and protect their market share. This can involve price wars, legal actions, or strategic alliances.
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Entry Barriers
Entry Barriers
These are factors that make it difficult for new businesses to enter an industry. The higher the barriers, the more protected existing businesses are from competition.
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Economies of Scale
Economies of Scale
This occurs when the cost per unit of production decreases as the volume of production increases. This gives large, established companies an advantage over smaller newcomers.
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Experience and Learning Curve
Experience and Learning Curve
When companies have unique and valuable experience and knowledge, they can build a competitive advantage that's hard for others to replicate. This advantage grows over time as companies learn and improve.
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Brand Preferences and Customer Loyalty
Brand Preferences and Customer Loyalty
Strong brands have loyal customers who are less likely to switch to new products or services, creating a barrier for new entrants to gain market share.
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Strategic Thinking in a Complex World - Session 4 Recap
- Strategic decisions involve forecasts about future conditions and outcomes.
- A forecast of growing demand can justify investment in new capacity
- Accurate forecasting is difficult due to uncertainty.
- Organizations may try to surprise rivals.
PESTEL Analysis of Social Media Industry
- Political factors include competition, anti-trust concerns, and the need to regulate misinformation and hate speech.
- Economic factors such as inflation and currency fluctuations impact advertising revenue.
- Socio-cultural considerations include privacy concerns, social media influence on mental health and the desire for niche interactions.
- Technological factors include emerging technologies like AR/VR and open protocols that allow data transfer between platforms.
- Environmental factors, such as extreme weather, impact the functioning of data centers.
- Legal factors encompass safety regulations, policies regarding children's rights, and anti-trust regulations.
Forecasting Approaches
- Single-point forecast (predicts a single value)
- Range forecast (predicts a range of possible values)
- Alternative futures (examines multiple possible future scenarios)
Transportation Industry Exercise
- Key drivers are smart city initiatives, autonomous vehicles, and public transportation.
- Identifying independent and uncertain factors is important for effective strategy adjustment.
- Analyzing the impact and interdependence of factors assists in scenario-building and decision making.
Scenario Cube
- The scenario cube helps to analyze possibilities based on independence and uncertainty.
Scenario Process
- Defining the scope of the analysis (industry, region, years).
- Identifying key drivers, PESTEL analysis, and forecasting.
- Developing distinct scenarios (describing possible futures).
- Identifying potential impacts and adapting strategies.
- Monitoring and adapting strategies in response to changes.
Five Forces Framework
- The five forces framework (rivalry among existing firms, threat of new entrants, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, and threat of substitute products) analyses competitive pressures within an industry.
- Define industry boundaries
- Identify specific pressures
- Evaluate forces numerically (high,medium,low)
- Determine if the results are conducive to profit
Evaluating Competitive Rivalry
- Factors considered include the number of competitors, the growth rate of the industry, fixed costs, exit costs, and the degree of product differentiation.
Evaluating the Threat of New Entrants
- Factors to consider include entry barriers (e.g., capital requirements, regulatory obstacles), the reactions of existing firms (e.g., competitive pricing strategies, legal actions), and advantages held by incumbents.
Conclusion
- A summary is provided for next session, but further discussion of the 5 force model will continue.
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