37 Questions
According to social learning theory, how are gender roles primarily learned in children?
Through reinforcement, punishment, and modeling
What does social learning theory suggest about the punishment and reinforcement related to gender roles?
Children are punished for breaking gender roles and rewarded for behaving in concordance with them
How does social learning theory propose that children develop ideas about gender-appropriate behaviors?
By modeling the behavior of adults and older children
Why does social learning theory suggest that children develop ideas about appropriate behaviors for each gender?
By observing and imitating the behavior of adults and older children
What does research show about parental reinforcement of gender-appropriate play according to the text?
Some parents reinforce gender-appropriate play, but mostly treat male and female children similarly
How does social learning theory compare to gender schema theory in terms of support?
Social learning theory has less support than gender schema theory
In the context of social learning theory, how do adults and older children influence the development of gender roles in children?
By serving as models for appropriate behavior
Which term is used to refer specifically to some energy involved in the capacity to change oneself?
Willpower
What term refers to people gradually becoming more likely to give in to impulses and desires over the course of a typical day?
Ego depletion
What trait describes people who are careful, disciplined, responsible, and thorough?
Conscientious
Which dimension of personality is described as not unchangeable in the text?
Conscientiousness
What do psychologists hesitate to adopt when it comes to terms associated with folk wisdom?
'Willpower'
Which group mentioned in the text studied the phenomenon of ego depletion?
Hofmann, Vohs, & Baumeister
What characteristic tends to increase as people grow older according to the text?
'Conscientiousness'
What term is used to describe differential treatment on the basis of gender?
Gender discrimination
Which component of ambivalent sexism refers to perceiving women as needing protection, support, and adoration?
Benevolent sexism
What is the most common form of sexual harassment experienced by boys and girls in high school according to the text?
Unwanted touching or comments
Based on the text, what maintains gender inequalities in society?
Gender stereotypes
Which type of sexism sees women as inferior and incompetent relative to men?
Hostile sexism
Why might benevolent sexism receive more empirical support than hostile sexism?
It is more socially acceptable
In what setting do most boys and girls experience some form of sexual harassment by the end of high school?
High school
Which personality trait is mentioned to have the strongest correlation with life or death according to the text?
Conscientiousness
Why might easygoing individuals often be late or sloppy?
They have low self-control
What do psychologists prefer not to do regarding personality traits?
Make value judgments about them
Which group tends to be associated with living longer?
People high in conscientiousness
What is difficult to resist the conclusion about when it comes to self-control?
High self-control being essential for success
Why might highly conscientious individuals tend to obey rules and stay on schedule?
They possess higher levels of conscientiousness
What is the personality trait that easygoing individuals may lack, contributing to their lateness or sloppiness?
Conscientiousness
What does the term 'regulate' mean in the context of self-regulation?
To bring responses into agreement with a rule or goal
Which of the following is NOT one of the broad categories that people regulate according to the text?
Sleeping patterns
What is the first ingredient of effective self-regulation discussed in the text?
Standards
Why are standards considered an indispensable foundation for self-regulation?
To provide a direction for change
What role does monitoring play in self-regulation?
It helps keep track of the target behavior to be regulated
Which of the following is NOT included in the standards that guide self-regulation?
Unrealistic fantasies
How do dieters help their self-regulation according to the text?
By developing standards for eating habits
What is the relationship between goals and self-regulation as per the text?
'Goals' help by providing targets and direction for change
'Monitoring' is essential for self-regulation because it helps individuals:
Keep track of the behavior needed to be regulated
Explore the concept of social learning theory and its role in the formation of gender roles in children. Learn how reinforcement, punishment, and modeling contribute to the development of gender roles. Understand how children learn and conform to societal expectations through observation and imitation.
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