Social Identity and Gender Roles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are role identities primarily developed through?

Interactions with multiple groups and settings (correct)

Personal reflection and introspection

Physical attributes and skills

Innate personality traits and characteristics

Which of the following is NOT a component of social identity?

Socio-economic status

National origin

Sexual orientation

Personal interests (correct)

How does self-esteem relate to role identities?

It is independent of fulfilling roles.

It decreases with increased role involvement.

It is solely determined by social recognition.

It is based on fulfilling these roles. (correct)

What does foreclosed identity involve?

Commitment to roles without exploration Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'gender roles' refer to?

Society's expectations of behavior based on gender Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes athletic identity?

It denotes how athletes view themselves in relation to their sport. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following corresponds to the concept of states in personality traits?

Temporary expressions that can change with context Signup and view all the answers

How does femininity differ from masculinity?

Femininity is based on cultural expectations of women, while masculinity is based on those of men Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is mentioned as a signature way for elite performers to achieve their goals?

Hope Signup and view all the answers

Which movement has contributed to increased opportunities for women in sports?

Feminist movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of feminist perspectives on women in sports?

Addressing gender discrimination in sports participation Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of having a foreclosed identity in the context of athletics?

Narrow focus that limits personal growth and experiences Signup and view all the answers

What does the biopsychosocial model combine?

Medical, social, and personal responses to disability Signup and view all the answers

Which theory critiques traditional views on disability?

Critical Disability Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is an effect of gender-based discrimination in sports?

Threats of violence discouraging women from participating Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of legal and political initiatives like Title IX?

To create equal opportunities for women in sports Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of psychology as described?

The study of the human mind, emphasizing both parts and the whole. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes nomothetic approaches from idiographic approaches in psychology?

Nomothetic approaches emphasize general laws, while idiographic approaches focus on unique cases. Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological method is best associated with Freud?

Psychoanalysis Signup and view all the answers

How does the Iceberg Model represent Freud's views on the mind?

It indicates that the unconscious mind is more significant than the conscious mind. Signup and view all the answers

What is classical conditioning as described by Pavlov?

A process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a response. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about behaviorism is true?

It emphasizes observable behavior over internal thoughts. Signup and view all the answers

What does the holistic approach in psychology examine?

The complex interactions among various aspects of a person. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of behavior does psychoanalysis primarily focus on?

Unconscious motives and conflicts. Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait is associated with a positive influence on athletic performance?

Conscientiousness Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why understanding personality is important in sports psychology?

It informs interventions and policies to enhance community engagement. Signup and view all the answers

How do different personality traits affect athletes' coping mechanisms?

They impact emotional responses and how athletes handle pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What should research focus on to enhance understanding of personality-performance relationships?

Interactions such as person-environment dynamics. Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological skill is identified as a key factor for successful athletes?

Effective imagery use. Signup and view all the answers

What is the downside of comparing group versus individual athletes on personality scales?

It lacks theoretical and practical value. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant outcome of recognizing individual personality differences in athletes?

It optimizes performance through tailored coaching. Signup and view all the answers

How does neuroticism affect athletic performance?

It negatively affects performance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the core principle of operant conditioning as defined by Skinner?

Behavior is shaped by reinforcement and punishment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the humanistic approach to coaching?

Prioritizing athlete self-awareness and growth. Signup and view all the answers

In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, what is considered the highest level of need?

Self-actualization Signup and view all the answers

How does health psychology primarily contribute to health care?

By examining psychological aspects that influence health. Signup and view all the answers

What does exercise psychology primarily study?

The psychological impacts of participation in physical activities. Signup and view all the answers

Which coaching philosophy exemplifies treating athletes as individuals?

Carlo Ancelotti's approach of 'Treat everyone as a person'. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key criticism of behaviorism in psychology?

It does not consider cognitive processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Lombardo's humanistic model of coaching?

Put the athletic goals above those of the coach. Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological skills are commonly used by successful athletes?

Imagery and goal-setting Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the importance of support networks for elite athletes?

They significantly enhance the athletes' performance. Signup and view all the answers

Athletes learn psychological skills through what process?

Knowledge and practice, similar to physical skills Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of successful athletic performance?

High team cohesion and communication Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about the ideal performance state for athletes?

It can be created and maintained through learned techniques. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor in creating desirable mental states?

Utilizing advanced technology Signup and view all the answers

What general psychological profile is linked with successful athletic performance?

Similar traits among elite athletes across different sports Signup and view all the answers

What does the development of psychological skills among athletes require?

Awareness and deliberate practice Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Psychology and Sociology of Sport, Exercise and Health - In-Class Test Notes

Psychology:
- The study of the human mind, focusing on internal attributes and processes
- Key concepts like motivation, self-esteem, personality, and leadership
- Schools of Thought:
  - Structuralism (how the mind is structured)
  - Functionalism (how the mind works)
  - Psychodynamic
  - Behaviorism
  - Cognitivism
  - Humanism
- Focus: Parts versus whole; examining distinct elements versus holistic approach
- Methods of Investigation: Experimental (e.g., Stanford prison study), observational, case studies
- Conscious vs. Unconscious: Conscious mind (thoughts, feelings, actions) and unconscious mind (repressed thoughts, dreams)
- Nomothetic Approaches: Identifying universal laws applicable to everyone.
- Idiographic Approaches: Examining individual characteristics
- Psychoanalysis (Freud): Focus on the unconscious mind and its connection to the conscious mind
  - Iceberg Model: Id (primitive instincts), ego (reality principle), superego (moral center)
- Behaviorism (Watson): Focus on observable behavior
  - Classical conditioning (Pavlov: stimulus-response learning), and
  - Operant conditioning (Skinner: behavior is shaped by consequences).
Sociology:
- Study of social components, external to the individual, which greatly influence social interactions.
- Social Theories: Different perspectives on society, including functionalism and conflict theory.
  - Functionalism: Society is based on equilibrium and balance; all parts are interrelated and work together.
  - Conflict Theory: Emphasizes inequality, disagreement, opposition and power struggles rather than a balanced or harmonious society.
- Critical Theory: Examines social norms and dominant ways of thinking to address potential inequalities and oppressions.
  - Critical Disability Theory: Disability is socially constructed, not an inherent characteristic. Social barriers are what define disability.
  - Critical Race Theory: Racism is a pervasive feature of everyday social and organizational processes.
  - Feminist Theory: Examines gender and power, and how these affect people's experiences.
- Identity: A sense of self, a dynamic concept formed by social interaction, changing over time. Identity has multiple layers/components (e.g., age, class, gender, and race) impacting on sport.
- Athletic Identity: The degree to which an individual identifies with the athlete role.
- Foreclosed Identity: Individuals making commitments to roles without exploration.
Bringing Psychology and Sociology Together:
- Applying psychological concepts to understand social identity in sport (e.g. how identity shapes mental health, behaviour and performance).
- Understanding how social structures and cultural norms influence psychological processes and experiences in sport contexts.
Hot Topic #1: Olympic and Paralympic Sporting Identities:
- Personality and identity - the concepts
- Applying these to sport
Hot Topic #2: Learning from the Lionesses:
- Personality traits and states associated with elite performance in sports.
- Psychological factors affecting performance.
Exam Criteria:
- In-class test format (essay/short form essays)
- Time limit, computer-based (on Moodle)
- Depth analysis, wider reading expectation and creativity

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Description

Explore the complexities of social identity, gender roles, and athletic identity through this engaging quiz. Understand key concepts such as role identities, self-esteem, and the impact of feminist perspectives in sports. Test your knowledge on the biopsychosocial model and legal initiatives like Title IX.