Social Identity and Class
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Social Identity and Class

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Questions and Answers

What are the elements in the construction of social identity?

  • Income, occupation, and nationality
  • Occupation, education, and age
  • Social class, gender, and ethnicity (correct)
  • Wealth, power, and social status
  • Which group represents a major section of the upper class based on great income and wealth from company ownership?

  • Business elite (correct)
  • Landed aristocracy
  • Intellectuals
  • Traditional working class
  • According to Self and Zealey (2007), what percentage of the UK's population owns 21% of the total wealth?

  • The business elite
  • The wealthiest 1% (correct)
  • The top 10% of wage-earners
  • The bottom 10%
  • In India, what percentage of the population lives on around $1.25 a day?

    <p>42%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the traditional form of masculinity based on physical and mental characteristics, emphasizing male needs and desires, which is challenged by alternative forms?

    <p>Hegemonic masculinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of masculinities emerge as men combine paid work with unpaid housework and childcare, and view women as equals due to women's increasing power?

    <p>Complicit masculinities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of masculinities are developed among long-term unemployed working class men who feel excluded from traditional masculine roles?

    <p>Marginalized masculinities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the London study on boys aged 11-14, what is the importance of separateness from girls and femininity?

    <p>Pressure to be 'hard'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the distinctive markers and cultural practices that ethnic identity is based on?

    <p>Negotiable symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are female identities described, which are shaped by cultural expectations and personal experiences?

    <p>Contingent, Assertive, and Autonomous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the analysis of images, what do clothing, body language, facial expressions, and surroundings reflect?

    <p>Social reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    '__ identity' can be negotiated and change based on distinctive markers and cultural practices.

    <p>Ethnic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    '__ identities' are new masculinities emerging as men combine paid work with unpaid housework and childcare.

    <p>'Complicit'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Hegemonic masculinity: traditional form of masculinity based on physical and mental characteristics, emphasizes male needs and desires, challenged by alternative forms
    • Complicit masculinities: new masculinities emerging, men combine paid work with unpaid housework and childcare, view women as equals, occurs due to women's increasing power
    • Marginalized masculinities: men feel excluded from traditional masculine roles due to unemployment, develop among long-term unemployed working class
    • Research on boys' gender identities: London study on boys aged 11-14, importance of separateness from girls and femininity, pressure to be 'hard'
    • Female identities shaped in childhood: socialized into gendered roles, girls and boys treated differently, Oakley identifies manipulation, canalisation, verbal appellation, and cultural practices
    • Feminine identities: Contingent, Assertive, and Autonomous, shaped by cultural expectations and personal experiences, not the same as racial identities
    • Ethnic identity: based on distinctive markers and cultural practices, can be negotiated and change, can establish positive or protective boundaries
    • Analysis of images: consider clothing, body language, facial expressions, surroundings, reflect social reality
    • Research on boys' gender identities: boys negotiate gender identities based on masculinity and separation from girls, begins early in childhood.

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    Description

    Explore the construction of social identity through elements such as social class, gender, ethnicity, and age, with a focus on how class identities are defined by occupation. Learn about traditional and emerging working-class identities and the range of occupational identities associated with the middle class.

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