PG26-30 Social Identity and Change

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Questions and Answers

How does Crompton suggest defining social class?

  • By ethnicity
  • By gender
  • By age
  • By occupation (correct)

What type of identities are traditional working-class identities primarily centered around?

  • Urban living
  • Manual work and the manufacturing industry (correct)
  • White-collar professions
  • Technology and innovation

How did close urban communities contribute to traditional working-class identity?

  • By promoting individualism
  • By reinforcing cultural beliefs (correct)
  • By isolating individuals
  • By encouraging upper-class values

In what way was the 'working-class Self' contrasted with the 'middle-/upper-class Other'?

<p>Through different work-related experiences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group represents a major section of the upper class?

<p>The landed aristocracy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the new working class as discussed in the text?

<p>Development of new forms of identity related to private life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which occupation type reflects an academic identity dealing with knowledge and information?

<p>Intellectuals like university lecturers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Connell et al. argue about gender identities?

<p>Gender identities are socially constructed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what is a distinguishing feature of upper-class identities?

<p>Historic ownership of land and political connections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section of society owns around 21% of the UK's total wealth according to Self and Zealey (2007)?

<p>The wealthiest 1% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Routine service workers' qualify as middle class based on which criteria mentioned in the text?

<p>Non-manual work and higher levels of social status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Being working class' is a strong sense retained by which group according to Devine (1992)?

<p>'New working class' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Shop assistants' belong to which section of society based on their occupational role?

<p>'Middle classes' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Ann Oakley, what is one way children are socialized into gender roles?

<p>By manipulation, such as stressing the importance of appearance for girls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of 'contingent femininities' according to the text?

<p>They are shaped and framed by male beliefs, behaviors, and demands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an 'assertive femininity' mentioned in the text?

<p>Autonomous femininities that involve competition with men on male terms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of 'autonomous femininities'?

<p>They tend to form non-committal heterosexual attachments and are unlikely to involve children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about 'sexualized identities'?

<p>They are made through male eyes and fantasies, with women existing for male gratification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Ann Oakley, which of the following is NOT one of the ways children are socialized into gender roles?

<p>By providing equal opportunities for boys and girls to explore various interests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about 'modernized femininities'?

<p>They locate new-found female economic and cultural power within the context of family relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of 'autonomous femininities'?

<p>They involve women embracing traditional gender roles and prioritizing family relationships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about 'ageing femininities'?

<p>They assert the right of elderly women to be fashionable, active, and sexual beings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of 'girl power' identities?

<p>They emphasize the importance of female friendship and 'sex as fun' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes hegemonic masculinity?

<p>A form of masculinity that emphasizes physical strength, leadership, and emotional detachment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity, according to the text?

<p>Emphasized femininity is defined by accommodating the needs of hegemonic masculinity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a subversive masculinity, according to the text?

<p>A student who focuses on academic performance rather than disruptive behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of complicit masculinities?

<p>They involve men taking on aspects of traditional feminine roles and viewing women as equals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the research by Frosh and Phoenix, which of the following statements is true about the boys interviewed?

<p>They recognized that they could talk about emotions more openly with girls. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of marginalised masculinities?

<p>They occur when men feel unable to perform traditional masculine roles due to factors like unemployment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the importance of football for the boys in the research by Frosh and Phoenix?

<p>It was a way for the boys to establish their masculinity and conform to expectations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the boys in the research by Frosh and Phoenix is true?

<p>They felt pressure to be 'hard', exhibit casual attitudes towards schoolwork, and swear. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of subordinate masculinities?

<p>They are seen as lesser forms of masculinity compared to hegemonic masculinity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a reason cited for the emergence of complicit masculinities?

<p>The increasing power and influence of women in society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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