Social Groups Overview

<p>Emile Durkheim (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examining individual personality traits and their influence on group behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kurt Lewin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developing theories and research methods to test hypotheses about groups. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of quantitative research methods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micro Level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extent to which test scores are consistent over time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the correlation among the items on the test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inconsistency in responses due to external factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meso Level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consistency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It calculates the relationship between scores from two administrations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It accounts for human inconsistency and distraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They tend to have lower self-esteem and increased aggression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ostracism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced cognitive capacity and fatigue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a more severe negative reaction to isolation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher risk-taking behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To categorize human needs from basic to complex. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interdependence and collective happiness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optimal Distinctiveness Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By focusing on personal attitudes and preferences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Based on group roles and relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Based on the desire to improve personal rewards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Valuing group cooperation and success (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social obligations and roles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rule to repay what one has received (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individualistic cultures maintain close ties mainly within family and friends (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-esteem warns about possible exclusion and indicates self-worth to others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Balancing individual interests with group needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right prefrontal cortex and limbic system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seeking social cues and increased prosocial orientation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individualism focuses on the rights of the individual over the group. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tendency to become hypervigilant. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being connected enhances access to resources and support. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individual rights are often sacrificed for group goals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Running individually for the first prize. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To compare how participants perceived group entities and their level of entitativity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low levels of interaction among members (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weak Associations/Collectives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teams, neighborhood associations, goal-focused groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree to which a group is perceived as a unified entity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Categories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A 1 to 9 Likert scale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Level of education of group members (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The perception of a group as a distinct entity.

Small, close-knit groups with high interaction, like families and friends.

Groups formed for specific work-related tasks or goals.

Temporary aggregations with spontaneous interaction and permeable boundaries.

Groups based on shared attributes like gender or ethnicity.

The length of time a group maintains its structure and interactions.

The ease with which individuals can join or leave a group.

Groups of individuals brought together but not interacting significantly.

Study of how people interact within groups.

Stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning.

Ways to categorize groups based on characteristics.

Improved performance on tasks in the presence of others.

Shared beliefs and values within a group.

Different levels of analysis: individual, group, organizational.

Objective analysis of group behaviors and dynamics.

Frameworks that explain and predict group behaviors.

Suggests self-esteem indicates self-worth and warns of exclusion.

Emotional pain activates the same brain areas as physical pain.

Reaction to exclusion involving withdrawal or aggression.

Stress response focusing on social cues and prosocial behavior.

Social exclusion triggers brain areas related to physical pain.

Emphasizes individual rights over group goals.

Prioritizes group rights over individual desires.

Connections that provide individuals or groups with benefits.

Basic human needs like breathing, thirst, and hunger that must be met first.

A model that organizes human needs from basic physiological to advanced psychological needs.

Needs that include achievement, self-esteem, and recognition, activated after physiological needs are met.

The act of excluding one or more individuals from a group by reducing or eliminating contact.

Being welcomed and recruited into a group or community.

Negative feelings like anxiety, anger, and depression arise from social rejection.

Can lead to negative reactions such as reduced self-esteem and increased aggression.

A stress response characterized by increased impulsivity and risk-taking when facing social rejection.

An approach examining group behavior from micro, meso, and macro levels.

Focuses on qualities and actions of individual members in a group.

Analyzes group characteristics such as size, cohesiveness, and norms.

Examines larger groups like communities and societies.

Degree of consistency in test scores over time.

Reliability measured by the intercorrelation among test items.

Reliability assessed by comparing scores from two test administrations.

Consistency of results across different human raters.

Xhosa term meaning 'I am because we are,' emphasizing community.

Self-concept derived from unique traits, beliefs, and skills.

Self-concept derived from group memberships and relationships.

The balance between group belonging and individual uniqueness.

Interactions focused on mutual reward gain.

Social standard of repaying what one receives.

Concern for the well-being of others over one’s own rewards.

Understanding the interplay between individual and group needs.