Social Dominance and Hierarchies Quiz

<p>Aggressiveness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By recalling their past fight successes and failures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To penalize false claims of military medals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can judge after only observing others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social recognition and respect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The loser can avoid injury and walk away alive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher-ranked individuals consistently gain access to more resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If A is dominant over B and B over C, then A is dominant over C. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To accurately gauge the potential outcome of a confrontation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may display exaggerated signs of strength to deter opponents. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They could lose access to valuable resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The loser typically avoids additional contact with the dominant individual. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sizing up rivals and then engaging in physical combat. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are more likely to avoid confrontation in the future. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A ranking system based on individual fighting ability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can avoid continuous fighting for dominance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They arise as an emergent property from the interactions of individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They risk injury and possibly death. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Winners face risks of injury and resource allocation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's a strategic withdrawal to avoid costs of fighting. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constant rivalry without any clear outcomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In dominant crayfish, serotonin enhances neuron firing, while in subordinates it inhibits it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They try to appear larger and heavier to others. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One will likely become dominant over the other. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The frequency of submissive greetings they receive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They display submissive physical gestures and bring objects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One will be forced into a subordinate status. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can shift to dominant status when circumstances are favorable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They show reluctance to accept their new subordinate position. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ordered social structures where individuals acquire power and influence relative to each other.

The motivation to achieve high social standing and recognition.

Crickets adjust their fighting strategies based upon past victories and losses. Those who win more fights tend to be more assertive in later conflicts.

Social rankings often emerge quickly within groups of people, even strangers. In one study, clear hierarchies formed within minutes.

People sometimes wrongly claim military awards or achievements to boost their status and reputation.

Humans across cultures value social standing. They want respect and avoid humiliation.

Status seeking may be a core human motivator, playing a key role in most social interactions.

Humans have evolved strategies to deal with social hierarchies and dominant members within the group.

A strategy where an individual yields to others, avoiding confrontation.

A dominance hierarchy, particularly observed in hens.

The negative consequences, like injury or wasted resources , associated with fighting.

Behaviors that animals have developed over time as the best ways to survive and reproduce.

A characteristic that is not inherent in individual members of a group but arises from how they interact.

Higher-ranking member in a group, often more aggressively assertive.

Data collected through experiments that demonstrates dominance hierarchy formation.

In a dominance hierarchy, if A is dominant over B, and B is dominant over C, then A is also dominant over C.

Resources that are vital for survival and reproduction, such as food, territory, or mates.

The psychological mechanisms used to evaluate one's own fighting abilities and compare them to others.

Behaviors used to make oneself appear more powerful than they actually are, to intimidate opponents.

One function of dominance and submissiveness is to avoid costly fights.

Crayfish establish dominance through physical fights, with the winner becoming dominant in a territory.

When losing a dominance contest, the loser may leave the territory to find better opportunities or wait for a better chance to challenge again.

The neurotransmitter serotonin affects crayfish behavior based on their social status. Dominant crayfish have neurons that are excited by serotonin, while subordinate crayfish have neurons that are inhibited by serotonin.

Subordinate crayfish can readily shift to dominant status when circumstances change. This is reflected in changes in their serotonin-sensitive neurons.

Dominant crayfish are reluctant to transition to subordinate status, even when faced with a stronger opponent, and will continue to fight even to the point of death.

Dominant male chimpanzees assert their status through a variety of behaviors, including strutting, making themselves appear larger, and receiving submissive greetings from others.

Submissive chimpanzees show their deference to a dominant male by performing a series of actions, such as bowing and presenting objects, while making pant-grunts and looking upwards.

Dominant chimpanzees respond to submissive greetings by stretching themselves to appear larger, making their hair stand on end, and potentially even exaggerating their size.

Chimpanzees use exaggerated displays of size and posture to emphasize their dominance, even if they are physically similar in size.

In both crayfish and chimpanzees, social status is not just about physical strength, but also about a series of behavioral and physiological cues that signal dominance and submission.