Social Determinants and Environmental Health
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes social determinants of health?

  • Access to transportation and healthy food options.
  • The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. (correct)
  • Exposure to environmental toxins and pollutants.
  • Genetic predispositions to certain illnesses.

What is the primary focus of nursing activities in secondary prevention?

  • Administering immunizations
  • Managing chronic conditions post-diagnosis
  • Early detection through screenings (correct)
  • Promoting health and well-being

According to the provided text, what is the primary focus of environmental health?

  • Pollution, climate change, and toxins. (correct)
  • Genetic factors influencing disease.
  • Social and economic disparities.
  • Access to healthcare and preventive services.

Which of the following best describes the 'Upstream Prevention' approach in public health?

<p>Assessing to prevent a future health problem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'chain of transmission' model outline, in the context of communicable diseases?

<p>The sequential steps from infectious agent to susceptible host. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a 'Windshield Survey' in community health assessment?

<p>Observing a community’s health by driving through to assess it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'epidemiology triangle' consist of?

<p>Host, agent, and environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'passive' immunity?

<p>Immunity passed on by maternal antibodies or blood transfusions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of community health, what does the term 'Aggregate Population' refer to?

<p>A population within a specific community sharing common characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Herd immunity provides protection from a disease when a high proportion of the population is immune. How can this be best described?

<p>Reduced likelihood of disease spread due to many individuals being immune. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key distinction between incidence and prevalence in epidemiology?

<p>Incidence focuses on new cases in a time period while prevalence focuses on the total number of existing cases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A community health nurse is speaking to a group of parents about immunizations for young children. Which vaccine would they MOST likely discuss?

<p>HIB vaccine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key contribution of Lilian Wald to public health nursing?

<p>Founding the Henry Street Settlement and promoting visiting nurses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario does 'endemic' best describe in public health?

<p>An illness that is consistently present within a specific region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the study guide, what is the primary aim of the 'Healthy People' initiative?

<p>To promote health equity, reduce health disparities, and improve overall health outcomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the focus of public health in the 21st century, in contrast to the historical focus?

<p>Focusing on chronic diseases, health promotion, and health disparities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Upstream Prevention

Actions taken before a disease or issue manifests to prevent it. Focus is on promoting health and preventing future problems.

Downstream Prevention

Actions taken after a disease or issue has occurred, focusing on managing and treating its effects.

Incidence

The number of new cases of a disease within a specific time frame.

Prevalence

The total number of existing cases of a disease, both new and old, at a specific time.

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Epidemic

A sudden increase in the frequency or spread of a disease in a population.

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Endemic

A disease that is always present in a specific region at a predictable rate.

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Community Assessment

A systematic process of collecting data about the health of a community by observing its environment, resources, and social factors.

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Windshield Survey

A method of studying a population by driving through its neighborhoods and observing the community's health conditions, resources, and safety.

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Social Determinants of Health

Factors outside of healthcare that influence health outcomes like socioeconomic conditions, environment, education, and access to resources.

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Environmental Health

Focuses on the environmental factors that impact health, including pollution, climate change, and toxins.

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Epidemiology Triangle

A model that helps us understand the factors that contribute to disease development, including the agent (virus, bacteria, etc.), the host (person), and the environment.

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Chain of Transmission

The process by which a disease is transmitted from one person to another.

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Immunity

The ability of the body to fight off disease. There are different types, like active, passive, and herd immunity.

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Primary Prevention

A type of prevention that aims to stop disease from happening in the first place.

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Immunization Schedules

A series of recommended vaccinations for different ages, aimed at protecting individuals from preventable diseases.

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HIB Vaccine

A type of vaccination that protects against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a bacterium that can cause serious infections like meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis.

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Study Notes

Social Determinants and Environmental Health

  • Social determinants of health factor in social and economic influences on healthcare access, impacting how people are born, grow, and age.
  • Environmental health considers pollution, climate change, and toxins.
  • Determinants of health encompass social, environmental, economic, genetic, transportation, and lifestyle factors.
  • Indicators of health include life expectancy, illness rates, mortality rates, and access to healthcare.
  • Healthy People Initiative aims for health equity and to reduce chronic diseases.
  • Healthy People 2020 focused on increasing life expectancies, improving quality of life, and reducing health disparities, while Healthy People 2030 prioritizes health equity, health literacy, and social determinants.
  • Levels of prevention include primary prevention (disease prevention through vaccinations and education), secondary prevention (early detection through screenings), and tertiary prevention (managing health conditions post-diagnosis).

Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases

  • Epidemiological models focus on understanding disease causation and disease progression.
  • Chain of transmission involves the infectious agent, reservoir, mode of transmission, port of entry, and susceptible host.
  • Epidemiology triangle emphasizes the interaction of host, agent, and environment in disease development.
  • Immunity types include active immunity (natural exposure or vaccination) and passive immunity (maternal antibodies or blood transfusion).
  • Herd immunity describes protection from disease when a significant portion of a population is immune.
  • Immunization schedules detail recommended vaccination timing for various illnesses such as Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib), influenza, pneumococcal pneumonia, tetanus, and other diseases affecting infants, children, and the elderly.
  • Nursing activities in disease prevention include immunizations, education, screenings, and chronic disease management.

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Related Documents

Community Exam 1 & Quiz 2 Study Guide PDF

Description

This quiz explores the intersection of social determinants and environmental health. It covers various factors influencing healthcare access, including economic status and environmental conditions. Additionally, it discusses initiatives like Healthy People 2020 and 2030 focused on health equity and chronic disease reduction.

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