Social Construction of Life Span Stages

Social Construction of Life Stages

• Life span periods are socially constructed and vary across cultures.
• Adolescence is often expected to behave like adults, highlighting societal expectations.
• Childhood viewed in the Middle Ages had two distinct stages: infancy (no self-care or speech expected) and early childhood (beginning of work alongside elders).
• Some cultures, like the Chippewa Indians, do not recognize adolescence; instead, they have two childhood stages, viewing prepubescent children as part of adulthood.

Influence of Parenting on Development

• Filipino parents teach values of responsibility and respect through methods involving chores and religious participation.
• Emphasis on the cultural context in instilling moral values in children.

Typical Major Developments in Human Life Stages

Prenatal Period (Conception to Birth)

• Rapid physical growth with significant genetic and environmental interaction.
• Basic body structures and brain development begin in utero.
• Fetus shows a preference for the mother's voice, signaling early psychosocial development.

Infancy and Toddlerhood (Birth to Age 3)

• All senses function at birth with substantial brain growth.
• Quick development of motor skills and cognitive abilities, including memory and symbol use.
• Development of attachments to caregivers; initial moves towards autonomy.

Early Childhood (Ages 3 to 6)

• Steady growth with physical appearance becoming more adult-like.
• Cognitive processing becomes more complex; children begin understanding others’ perspectives.
• Self-concept and emotional understanding develop; imaginative play becomes prevalent and social interactions increase.

Middle Childhood (Ages 6 to 11)

• Growth rate slows, but strength and athletic skills continue to improve.
• Children become more involved in group activities and peer relationships, transitioning from family-centric social interactions.