Questions and Answers
What is the process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual's personality?
internalization
What is a punishment or threat of punishment used to enforce conformity?
Negative Sanction
What is a system of beliefs or ideas that justifies the social, moral, religious, political, or economic interests held by a group?
an ideology
____ is one of the reasons that people resist cultural change.
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What is the enforcement of norms or shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations?
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What is the knowledge and tools that people use to manipulate their environment?
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Self-fulfillment is associated with the development of one's health and leisure habits.
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What is considered the severest sanction?
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Following rules of behavior to help maintain order is part of?
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Describe what sanctions are and why they are needed.
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What freedoms do most Americans seem to value the most?
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How can natural disasters produce social and cultural change?
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Extreme self-centeredness is referred to as narcissism.
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What is the difference between a positive and a negative sanction?
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What is the difference between a formal sanction and an informal sanction?
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Study Notes
Internalization and Social Norms
- Internalization refers to the process where societal norms become part of an individual's personality, leading to conformity to societal expectations.
Sanctions
- Negative sanctions act as punishments or threats used to enforce conformity within society.
- Positive sanctions reward behaviors that align with societal norms, promoting adherence.
- Sanctions can be formal (administered by organizations) or informal (spontaneous responses from individuals or groups).
Ideology
- An ideology consists of beliefs or ideas that justify the interests—social, moral, religious, political, or economic—of a group or society.
Resistance to Cultural Change
- Ethnocentrism, vested interests, and cultural lag are primary factors contributing to resistance against cultural change.
Social Control
- Social control involves the enforcement of norms and shared rules of conduct, guiding individuals on how to behave in specific situations.
- Compliance with rules helps maintain social order, minimizing chaos within society.
Technology
- Technology encompasses the knowledge and tools utilized by individuals to manipulate and adapt to their environment.
Importance of Self-Fulfillment
- Developing healthy habits related to leisure and health is associated with self-fulfillment, promoting well-being.
Severest Sanction
- The most severe sanction in societal terms is death, highlighting the ultimate form of social punishment.
Natural Disasters and Change
- Natural disasters, like droughts or earthquakes, can spur significant social and cultural changes. Community rebuilding efforts often incorporate precautions to mitigate future risks.
Narcissism
- Extreme self-centeredness is recognized as narcissism, indicating an excessive focus on oneself.
Freedom in American Values
- Personal freedoms of choice, particularly freedom of religion, speech, and the press, are highly valued by Americans and are constitutionally guaranteed.
Differentiating Sanction Types
- The distinction lies between positive sanctions (rewards) and negative sanctions (punishments).
- Formal sanctions involve structured consequences from organizations, while informal sanctions arise from personal or community reactions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts related to social change with these flashcards. Each card includes important terms and their definitions to help you understand the processes of conformity, norms, and more. Perfect for students studying sociology or social psychology!
