Social Approach: Attachment and Deprivation

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of infants were found to have a secure attachment in Ainsworth's study?

10%

90%

20%

70% (correct)

What is the primary role of the caregiver in forming a secure attachment, according to Ainsworth's study?

To provide entertainment

To discipline the child

To provide food and shelter

To be emotionally available and supportive (correct)

What is the characteristic behavior of an infant with a resistant attachment?

The infant resists contact with the mother upon her return (correct)

The infant immediately seeks contact with the mother upon her return

The infant shows little interest in the stranger

The infant is not distressed by the mother's absence

What is the typical reaction of an infant with an avoidant attachment to the mother's return?

The infant shows little interest in the mother Signup and view all the answers

What is the predicted outcome for an infant with a secure attachment?

The infant will have a positive working model of themselves Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'Strange Situation Test'?

To assess the quality of attachment in 1-year-old children Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic behavior of a caregiver who promotes an avoidant attachment?

The caregiver is inconsistent in their responses to the infant's needs Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of infants were found to have a resistant attachment in Ainsworth's study?

10% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary definition of attachment according to Shaffer?

A close emotional relationship between two persons characterised by mutual affection and a desire to maintain proximity. Signup and view all the answers

Who is the first figure with whom attachment is formed, according to the chapter?

Mother Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why an infant wants to perceive the presence of its mother, according to Freud?

Because the mother supplies the basic needs of safety and food Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of development in Freud's psychosexual developmental theory?

Oral stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the mother's relation to the child, according to Freud?

The development of trust and mistrust Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the early attachment pattern, according to the chapter?

It sets the pattern for future social and emotional involvement with others Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the oral stage, according to Freud?

The child derives pleasure from sucking at its mother's breast Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the mother in Freud's psychoanalytical approach?

She is the first and strongest love-object and future prototype of all later relations and consecutive attachments Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Attachment and Deprivation

Attachment is a close emotional relationship between two persons characterized by mutual affection and a desire to maintain proximity.
The first attachment is formed with the mother, but other figures like the father and relatives with regular contact can also be important.
Primary attachments set the pattern for future social and emotional involvement with others.

Psychoanalytical Approach

Freud identified attachment with basic biological needs and the figure of the mother.
In the oral stage of development, the child derives pleasure from sucking at the mother's breast.
The mother's relationship with the child sets the basic patterns of trust or mistrust.
The mother is the first and strongest love-object and future prototype of all later relations and consecutive attachments.

Ainsworth and the Types of Attachment

Ainsworth and Bell conducted the 'Strange Situation Test' to study attachment in 1-year-old children.
The test involves observing the child's reactions in six scenes with the mother, a stranger, and alone.
The quality of attachment is judged based on the child's reactions.

Types of Attachment

Secure Attachment (70%)

The infant is distressed by the mother's absence but rapidly returns to contentment after her return, seeking contact with her.
The caregiver is emotionally available and supportive, sensitive to the child's needs, and emotionally expressive.

Resistant Attachment (10%)

The infant is insecure in the presence of the mother, becomes distressed when she leaves, and resists contact with her when she returns.
The caregiver is rejecting, giving the child a negative and unsure working model of themselves.

Avoidant Attachment (10%)

The infant does not seek contact with the mother, shows little distress when separated from her, and avoids contact upon return.
The caregiver is inconsistent, giving the child a negative and unsure working model of themselves.

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Description

Explore the child's emotional development, including the factors that influence forming close bonds and attachment.