Social Approach: Attachment and Deprivation
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of infants were found to have a secure attachment in Ainsworth's study?

  • 10%
  • 90%
  • 20%
  • 70% (correct)
  • What is the primary role of the caregiver in forming a secure attachment, according to Ainsworth's study?

  • To provide entertainment
  • To discipline the child
  • To provide food and shelter
  • To be emotionally available and supportive (correct)
  • What is the characteristic behavior of an infant with a resistant attachment?

  • The infant resists contact with the mother upon her return (correct)
  • The infant immediately seeks contact with the mother upon her return
  • The infant shows little interest in the stranger
  • The infant is not distressed by the mother's absence
  • What is the typical reaction of an infant with an avoidant attachment to the mother's return?

    <p>The infant shows little interest in the mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predicted outcome for an infant with a secure attachment?

    <p>The infant will have a positive working model of themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'Strange Situation Test'?

    <p>To assess the quality of attachment in 1-year-old children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic behavior of a caregiver who promotes an avoidant attachment?

    <p>The caregiver is inconsistent in their responses to the infant's needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of infants were found to have a resistant attachment in Ainsworth's study?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary definition of attachment according to Shaffer?

    <p>A close emotional relationship between two persons characterised by mutual affection and a desire to maintain proximity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the first figure with whom attachment is formed, according to the chapter?

    <p>Mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why an infant wants to perceive the presence of its mother, according to Freud?

    <p>Because the mother supplies the basic needs of safety and food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first stage of development in Freud's psychosexual developmental theory?

    <p>Oral stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the mother's relation to the child, according to Freud?

    <p>The development of trust and mistrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the early attachment pattern, according to the chapter?

    <p>It sets the pattern for future social and emotional involvement with others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the oral stage, according to Freud?

    <p>The child derives pleasure from sucking at its mother's breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the mother in Freud's psychoanalytical approach?

    <p>She is the first and strongest love-object and future prototype of all later relations and consecutive attachments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Attachment and Deprivation

    • Attachment is a close emotional relationship between two persons characterized by mutual affection and a desire to maintain proximity.
    • The first attachment is formed with the mother, but other figures like the father and relatives with regular contact can also be important.
    • Primary attachments set the pattern for future social and emotional involvement with others.

    Psychoanalytical Approach

    • Freud identified attachment with basic biological needs and the figure of the mother.
    • In the oral stage of development, the child derives pleasure from sucking at the mother's breast.
    • The mother's relationship with the child sets the basic patterns of trust or mistrust.
    • The mother is the first and strongest love-object and future prototype of all later relations and consecutive attachments.

    Ainsworth and the Types of Attachment

    • Ainsworth and Bell conducted the 'Strange Situation Test' to study attachment in 1-year-old children.
    • The test involves observing the child's reactions in six scenes with the mother, a stranger, and alone.
    • The quality of attachment is judged based on the child's reactions.

    Types of Attachment

    Secure Attachment (70%)

    • The infant is distressed by the mother's absence but rapidly returns to contentment after her return, seeking contact with her.
    • The caregiver is emotionally available and supportive, sensitive to the child's needs, and emotionally expressive.

    Resistant Attachment (10%)

    • The infant is insecure in the presence of the mother, becomes distressed when she leaves, and resists contact with her when she returns.
    • The caregiver is rejecting, giving the child a negative and unsure working model of themselves.

    Avoidant Attachment (10%)

    • The infant does not seek contact with the mother, shows little distress when separated from her, and avoids contact upon return.
    • The caregiver is inconsistent, giving the child a negative and unsure working model of themselves.

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    Description

    Explore the child's emotional development, including the factors that influence forming close bonds and attachment.

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