SOCI 324: Group Decision Making
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the decision stage in group decision making?

  • To evaluate the decision made and carry out its implementation
  • To gather information about the advantages and disadvantages of different options
  • To employ decision rules to arrive at a decision based on factual evidence and perceptions (correct)
  • To transition to the implementation stage

    • What is the main function of the implementation stage?

  • To gather information about the decision
  • To carry out or execute the decision made (correct)
  • To deliberate on the decision
  • To evaluate the decision made and adjust it as necessary

    • What factor can influence the decision-making process?

  • The group's leader
  • The nature of the problem or issue being discussed (correct)
  • The size of the group
  • The group's decision-making rules

    • What can happen if a group has been deliberating too long on an issue?

    <p>The group may feel they have dwelt too long on the issue and need to make a decision quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gathering information about the advantages and disadvantages of different options?

    <p>To inform the decision-making process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor that can affect the decision-making process?

    <p>The length of time the group has been deliberating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a group feeling they have not deliberated long enough on an issue?

    <p>The group asks for more time to deliberate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the transition process?

    <p>To move through the stages of group decision making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the imposition of a resolution by a group's leader?

    <p>Decision by Proclamation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process used to generate multiple ideas and alternatives for problem solving?

    <p>Brainstorming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation is arbitration often used?

    <p>Inter-group decision making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between plurality-wins rule and majority-wins rule?

    <p>Plurality-wins requires a simple majority, while majority-wins requires a two-thirds majority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the decision making technique developed by A.F. Osborn?

    <p>Brainstorming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the decision making technique used when a family decides where to live?

    <p>Brainstorming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the decision making technique used when a political party decides on a presidential candidate?

    <p>Majority-wins Rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the decision making technique used when parliament decides on a district chief executive?

    <p>Plurality-wins Rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is group decision making?

    <p>The process by which groups move towards consensus and reach decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are groups less likely to make mistakes?

    <p>Because of the give and take that occurs during deliberations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do groups tend to be more conservative?

    <p>Because other group members act as checks against risky decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of group decision making in some cases?

    <p>Deadlocks can arise, and group decisions can be 'hung'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of group decision making?

    <p>To pool expertise and knowledge to arrive at good decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are many decisions made by groups?

    <p>Because groups can act as checks against individual mistakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the process of group decision making?

    <p>Members hold a range of opinions and offer competing views</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of group decision making after some period of deliberation?

    <p>Some consensus is arrived at through deliberation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the decision made by a group?

    <p>The decision rule used by the group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of social decision schemes?

    <p>To relate the initial distribution of member's views to the group's final decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unanimity rule in social decision schemes?

    <p>When all group members agree on the same position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the plurality-wins rule in social decision schemes?

    <p>When the group opts for the position that has the most support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the two-thirds majority rule in social decision schemes?

    <p>When a stance is favored by two-thirds of the group members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the truth-wins rule in social decision schemes?

    <p>When the correct solution or view will ultimately predominate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 1st shift rule in social decision schemes?

    <p>When the group adopts a position consistent with the direction of the 1st shift in opinion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of the two-thirds majority rule in social decision schemes?

    <p>Impeaching a president in Ghana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of brainstorming?

    <p>To generate a large quantity of ideas without judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to stay focused on the topic during brainstorming?

    <p>To keep the discussion on track and avoid distractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using different colored markers during brainstorming?

    <p>To visualize and organize the different ideas generated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between brainstorming and the nominal group technique?

    <p>Brainstorming generates ideas, while the nominal group technique evaluates ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to encourage wild and creative ideas during brainstorming?

    <p>To increase the quantity of ideas generated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of voting in the nominal group technique?

    <p>To evaluate ideas and select the best solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Group Decision Making

    • Group decision making refers to the processes by which groups move towards consensus and reach decisions.
    • It allows for the sharing of ideas and pooling of expertise, knowledge, and skills to arrive at good decisions.

    Advantages of Group Decision Making

    • Groups are less likely to make mistakes because of the give and take that occurs during deliberations.
    • They are believed to be more conservative and less likely to take risky decisions.
    • Many decisions are made by more than one person (i.e., groups).

    The Process of Group Decision Making

    • At the start of any group decision, members rarely agree totally on an issue.
    • They usually hold a range of opinions and offer competing news on how to proceed.
    • After some period of deliberation, some consensus (decision) is arrived at – through in some cases, deadlocks can arise.

    Stages of Group Decision Making

    • DECISION STAGE: The group employs both implicit (informal) or explicit (formal) decision rules to arrive at a decision.
    • IMPLEMENTATION STAGE: The group evaluates the decision made and goes on to carry out or execute it.

    The Transition Process

    • The movement or processes groups go through to arrive at decisions are complex and affected by various factors.
    • These factors include the kinds of problems/issues under deliberation, how long the group has been deliberating, and previous patterns of members' views.

    Social Decision Schemes

    • Social decision schemes refer to rules relating the initial distribution of member’s views/preferences to the group’s final decisions.
    • Examples of social decision schemes include:
      • UNANIMITY RULE: When all group members must agree on the same position between a decision is finalized.
      • PLURALITY-WINS RULE: When the group opts for the position that has the most support.
      • TWO-THIRDS MAJORITY RULE: When a group makes a decision when a stance is favored by two-thirds of its members.
      • THE TRUTH-WINS RULE: It suggests that the correct solution or view will ultimately predominate or come to the fore as its correctness is recognized by a giving number of group members.
      • THE 1ST SHIFT RULE: The group will adopt a position consistent with the direction of the 1st shift in opinion shown by any of its members.
      • DECISION BY PROCLAMATION: The imposition of a resolution by a group’s leader.
      • ARBITRATION: Agreement through a process of formal negotiation between parties unable to reach a decision.

    Decision Making Techniques

    • Brainstorming is a concept developed by A.F.Osborn to increase creativity.
    • Basic principles for brainstorming include:
      • Defer judgment
      • Encourage creative and wild ideas
      • Emphasize on a quantity of ideas and not on the quality of ideas
      • Stay focused on the topic
      • Encourage a conversation at a time
      • Try to visualize the different ideas being generated
    • The nominal group technique is used not only to generate ideas like brainstorming but also to evaluate the ideas generated and select alternatives and or solutions.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the processes of group decision making, including the sharing of ideas and pooling of expertise to arrive at good decisions.

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