Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the reactor number with the process that occurs in it:
Match the reactor number with the process that occurs in it:
5 = Saponification process 6 = Separation of fatty acids to produce oil
Match the process with the reactor where it occurs:
Match the process with the reactor where it occurs:
Saponification process = 5 Separation of fatty acids to produce oil = 6
Match the reactor with the activity that occurs in it:
Match the reactor with the activity that occurs in it:
5 = Fatty acids are introduced for saponification 6 = Fatty acids are separated to produce oil
Match the activity with the reactor where it occurs:
Match the activity with the reactor where it occurs:
Match the reactor with the resulting product:
Match the reactor with the resulting product:
Match the resulting product with the reactor where it is produced:
Match the resulting product with the reactor where it is produced:
Match the reactor with the type of fatty acid processed:
Match the reactor with the type of fatty acid processed:
The fatty acid is mixed with ______ and heated in the reactor (6).
The fatty acid is mixed with ______ and heated in the reactor (6).
The fatty acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide and ______ in the reactor (6).
The fatty acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide and ______ in the reactor (6).
______ acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide and heated in the reactor (6).
______ acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide and heated in the reactor (6).
The fatty acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide and heated in the ______ (6).
The fatty acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide and heated in the ______ (6).
The fatty acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide and heated in the reactor (______).
The fatty acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide and heated in the reactor (______).
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Study Notes
Soap Definition and Composition
- Soap is a type of salt, specifically the sodium or potassium salts of various fatty acids.
- Fatty acids in soap can have between 8 to 20 carbon atoms, such as:
- Oleic acid (C17H33COOH)
- Stearic acid (C17H35COOH)
- Palmitic acid (C15H31COOH)
- Lauric acid (C11H23COOH)
- Myristic acid (C13H27COOH)
Soap Manufacturing Process
- Step 1 - Hydrolysis of Tallow:
- Tallow is molten by hot vapor in reactor (2).
- Molten tallow is hydrolyzed at 230°C, 2-3 hours, and 600-700 psi pressure in the presence of lime or zinc oxide as a catalyst in reactor (3).
- Step 2 - Glycerin removal:
- Crude glycerin is removed from reactor (3) for next purification step.
- Step 3 - Saponification:
- Fatty acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide and heated in reactor (4).
- Evaporation of water and concentration of fatty acid occur in reactor (4).
- Step 4 - Soap purification:
- Any remaining sodium hydroxide is neutralized with a weak acid, such as citric acid.
Additional Process
- Some fatty acids are separated across reactor (5) to produce oil.
- Another fatty acid is introduced to reactor (6) for the saponification process.
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