12 Questions
Match the reactor number with the process that occurs in it:
5 = Saponification process 6 = Separation of fatty acids to produce oil
Match the process with the reactor where it occurs:
Saponification process = 5 Separation of fatty acids to produce oil = 6
Match the reactor with the activity that occurs in it:
5 = Fatty acids are introduced for saponification 6 = Fatty acids are separated to produce oil
Match the activity with the reactor where it occurs:
Fatty acids are separated to produce oil = 6 Fatty acids are introduced for saponification = 5
Match the reactor with the resulting product:
5 = Saponified fatty acid 6 = Oil
Match the resulting product with the reactor where it is produced:
Oil = 6 Saponified fatty acid = 5
Match the reactor with the type of fatty acid processed:
5 = Another fatty acid 6 = Some fatty acids
The fatty acid is mixed with ______ and heated in the reactor (6).
sodium hydroxide
The fatty acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide and ______ in the reactor (6).
heated
______ acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide and heated in the reactor (6).
fatty
The fatty acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide and heated in the ______ (6).
reactor
The fatty acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide and heated in the reactor (______).
6
Study Notes
Soap Definition and Composition
- Soap is a type of salt, specifically the sodium or potassium salts of various fatty acids.
- Fatty acids in soap can have between 8 to 20 carbon atoms, such as:
- Oleic acid (C17H33COOH)
- Stearic acid (C17H35COOH)
- Palmitic acid (C15H31COOH)
- Lauric acid (C11H23COOH)
- Myristic acid (C13H27COOH)
Soap Manufacturing Process
- Step 1 - Hydrolysis of Tallow:
- Tallow is molten by hot vapor in reactor (2).
- Molten tallow is hydrolyzed at 230°C, 2-3 hours, and 600-700 psi pressure in the presence of lime or zinc oxide as a catalyst in reactor (3).
- Step 2 - Glycerin removal:
- Crude glycerin is removed from reactor (3) for next purification step.
- Step 3 - Saponification:
- Fatty acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide and heated in reactor (4).
- Evaporation of water and concentration of fatty acid occur in reactor (4).
- Step 4 - Soap purification:
- Any remaining sodium hydroxide is neutralized with a weak acid, such as citric acid.
Additional Process
- Some fatty acids are separated across reactor (5) to produce oil.
- Another fatty acid is introduced to reactor (6) for the saponification process.
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of soap manufacture, including the definition of soap and its applications in chemistry. This quiz is designed for students of applied chemistry and covers the basics of soap making.
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