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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of deodorization in soap making?
What is the purpose of deodorization in soap making?
- To remove odor-causing volatile compounds from fats and oils (correct)
- To add color to the soap
- To improve the lathering properties of the soap
- To enhance the scent of the soap
In which step of the soap making process does saponification occur?
In which step of the soap making process does saponification occur?
- Step 2 (correct)
- Step 1
- Step 4
- Step 3
Which soap making method involves reaching trace before pouring into molds for curing?
Which soap making method involves reaching trace before pouring into molds for curing?
- Semi-boiled process
- Cold process (correct)
- Fully boiled / hot process
- Refining process
How is glycerine recovered in the soap making process?
How is glycerine recovered in the soap making process?
What is done during the refining step of soap making?
What is done during the refining step of soap making?
Which soap making method involves cooking fats or oils until thickened before molding?
Which soap making method involves cooking fats or oils until thickened before molding?
Which oil is known for producing a thick lather and hydrating the skin in soap-making?
Which oil is known for producing a thick lather and hydrating the skin in soap-making?
Which oil enriches soap with omega-3 fatty acids, providing moisturizing properties?
Which oil enriches soap with omega-3 fatty acids, providing moisturizing properties?
What is the function of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in soap-making?
What is the function of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in soap-making?
Which process involves removing impurities like free fatty acids and metals?
Which process involves removing impurities like free fatty acids and metals?
What is the main function of additives in soap-making?
What is the main function of additives in soap-making?
Which oil is a fundamental ingredient that imparts hardness and stability to soap bars?
Which oil is a fundamental ingredient that imparts hardness and stability to soap bars?
What is the purpose of finishing step 5 in the detergent making process?
What is the purpose of finishing step 5 in the detergent making process?
What is one of the hazards associated with surfactants used in detergents?
What is one of the hazards associated with surfactants used in detergents?
What type of treatment is the 'screening' process in wastewater treatment?
What type of treatment is the 'screening' process in wastewater treatment?
How do phosphates impact aquatic life?
How do phosphates impact aquatic life?
What is the role of activated carbon adsorption in wastewater treatment?
What is the role of activated carbon adsorption in wastewater treatment?
Why are formaldehyde and ammonium sulfate mentioned in relation to detergent making?
Why are formaldehyde and ammonium sulfate mentioned in relation to detergent making?
What role do surfactants play in cleaning detergents?
What role do surfactants play in cleaning detergents?
Which alkalis are commonly used in the production of detergents?
Which alkalis are commonly used in the production of detergents?
What is the function of builders in detergent formulations?
What is the function of builders in detergent formulations?
Which type of enzyme is commonly used to remove protein soils from dishes?
Which type of enzyme is commonly used to remove protein soils from dishes?
What is the primary function of catalytic enzymes in detergent formulations?
What is the primary function of catalytic enzymes in detergent formulations?
Why are alkalis added in detergent production?
Why are alkalis added in detergent production?
Which civilization was credited for inventing soap first, based on the earliest record of it?
Which civilization was credited for inventing soap first, based on the earliest record of it?
What is the process of making soap called?
What is the process of making soap called?
What are the two main products of saponification?
What are the two main products of saponification?
The most widely used detergent enzymes remove protein, lipid, and polysaccharide soils. What are these enzymes called?
The most widely used detergent enzymes remove protein, lipid, and polysaccharide soils. What are these enzymes called?
What is the name of the surfactant that mainly causes algal bloom?
What is the name of the surfactant that mainly causes algal bloom?
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Study Notes
Soap Making
- Deodorization is a process in soap making that removes impurities and odor from the soap.
- Saponification occurs in the step where fats or oils react with an alkali to produce soap and glycerine.
- The cold process method involves reaching trace before pouring into molds for curing.
Properties of Oils
- Olive oil is known for producing a thick lather and hydrating the skin in soap-making.
- Flaxseed oil enriches soap with omega-3 fatty acids, providing moisturizing properties.
- Palm oil is a fundamental ingredient that imparts hardness and stability to soap bars.
Functions of Ingredients
- Sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide are used to catalyze the saponification reaction.
- The function of additives is to enhance the soap's texture, appearance, and performance.
Detergent Making
- The refining step involves removing impurities like free fatty acids and metals.
- The finishing step 5 in the detergent making process involves packaging and labeling.
- Surfactants are hazardous because they can bioaccumulate and harm aquatic life.
- Phosphates impact aquatic life by promoting algal blooms, which deplete oxygen and harm aquatic life.
- The screening process is a physical treatment in wastewater treatment that removes large objects.
- Activated carbon adsorption is a treatment that removes impurities and odors from wastewater.
- Formaldehyde and ammonium sulfate are used as preservatives and anti-caking agents in detergent making.
- Surfactants play a crucial role in cleaning detergents by reducing the surface tension of water.
Enzymes
- The primary function of catalytic enzymes in detergent formulations is to break down protein, lipid, and polysaccharide soils.
- Alkalis are added to detergent production to increase the pH and enhance the enzyme's activity.
- Proteases are commonly used to remove protein soils from dishes.
- The most widely used detergent enzymes are proteases, lipases, and amylases.
History
- The ancient Babylonians were credited with inventing soap first, based on the earliest record of it.
- The process of making soap is called saponification.
- The two main products of saponification are soap and glycerine.
Miscellaneous
- The surfactant that mainly causes algal bloom is sodium lauryl sulfate.
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