SO3 Normal Values and Elastic Arteries Function

Which term refers to the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of systole?

What event marks the onset of atrial contraction in the cardiac cycle?

When does the first main heart sound (S1) occur in the cardiac cycle?

Why does exercise training tend to decrease the heart rate (HR) over time?

From a functional or evolutionary perspective, why would it make more sense to increase cardiac output through increases in stroke volume (SV) rather than increases in heart rate (HR)?

Which equation represents the relationship between blood pressure gradients, vascular resistance, and blood flow rate?

Which blood vessels have the smallest diameters?

What is the function of elastic arteries in the cardiovascular system?

Where is blood velocity the lowest due to high total cross-sectional area?

Why does average blood pressure decrease as blood passes through the systemic circuit?

Which component of blood pressure fluctuates according to the cardiac cycle?

Where is the average pressure lowest within the systemic circuit?

In which blood vessels do valves and muscle contractions help return blood to the heart?

What is the characteristic of capillaries that makes their overall resistance more moderate?

What is the primary purpose of gravity in the circulatory system?

Which type of blood vessel has the highest total resistance to volume flow?

How do capillary networks contribute to the overall circulatory system?

What are the four factors that can affect vascular resistance?

How is blood pressure measurement done and what causes the sounds heard during this measurement?

In which order do resistance, mean pressure, and blood flow velocity change as you move from arteries to veins?

How does gravity affect blood flow in the body?

What is the role of venous valves in minimizing the effects of gravity on blood flow?

How are the two circuits of blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, veins) connected?

What is the main difference between blood velocity and volume flow?

Where is the blood velocity the slowest?

How do resistance and cross-sectional area change as blood moves from arteries to capillaries?

How do resistance and cross-sectional area change in larger veins compared to arterioles and capillaries?

How are factors affecting blood flow through circuits and cardiac output related?

What is an association of long-term abnormally high blood pressure according to the text?