SO3 Normal Values and Elastic Arteries Function

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Which term refers to the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of systole?

First main heart sound (S1)

Opening of the aortic valve

End-Diastolic Volume (EDV) (correct)

Onset of atrial contraction

What event marks the onset of atrial contraction in the cardiac cycle?

End-Systolic Volume (ESV)

First main heart sound (S1)

Onset of atrial contraction (correct)

Opening of the aortic valve

When does the first main heart sound (S1) occur in the cardiac cycle?

End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)

Opening of the aortic valve

Onset of atrial contraction

First main heart sound (S1) (correct)

Why does exercise training tend to decrease the heart rate (HR) over time?

To increase stroke volume (SV) Signup and view all the answers

From a functional or evolutionary perspective, why would it make more sense to increase cardiac output through increases in stroke volume (SV) rather than increases in heart rate (HR)?

To reduce ventricular filling time Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the relationship between blood pressure gradients, vascular resistance, and blood flow rate?

$Q = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$ Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels have the smallest diameters?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of elastic arteries in the cardiovascular system?

Reduce the variability in blood flow and pressures Signup and view all the answers

Where is blood velocity the lowest due to high total cross-sectional area?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Why does average blood pressure decrease as blood passes through the systemic circuit?

Because of the resistance encountered by blood flow in vessels Signup and view all the answers

Which component of blood pressure fluctuates according to the cardiac cycle?

Systolic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Where is the average pressure lowest within the systemic circuit?

In capillaries Signup and view all the answers

In which blood vessels do valves and muscle contractions help return blood to the heart?

Veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of capillaries that makes their overall resistance more moderate?

High resistance due to small diameter Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of gravity in the circulatory system?

To enhance flow in arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel has the highest total resistance to volume flow?

Arterioles Signup and view all the answers

How do capillary networks contribute to the overall circulatory system?

By threading through nearly every tissue to allow for gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What are the four factors that can affect vascular resistance?

Length, diameter, viscosity, turbulence Signup and view all the answers

How is blood pressure measurement done and what causes the sounds heard during this measurement?

Sphygmomanometer; sounds due to blood turbulence in arteries Signup and view all the answers

In which order do resistance, mean pressure, and blood flow velocity change as you move from arteries to veins?

Resistance, velocity, pressure Signup and view all the answers

How does gravity affect blood flow in the body?

Gravity hinders blood flow in the limbs Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of venous valves in minimizing the effects of gravity on blood flow?

Venous valves ensure unidirectional blood flow Signup and view all the answers

How are the two circuits of blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, veins) connected?

Through the heart only Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between blood velocity and volume flow?

Blood velocity is measured in cm/s, while volume flow is measured in mL/s. Signup and view all the answers

Where is the blood velocity the slowest?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

How do resistance and cross-sectional area change as blood moves from arteries to capillaries?

Both resistance and cross-sectional area increase. Signup and view all the answers

How do resistance and cross-sectional area change in larger veins compared to arterioles and capillaries?

Resistance and cross-sectional area decline in larger veins. Signup and view all the answers

How are factors affecting blood flow through circuits and cardiac output related?

Factors affecting blood flow through circuits and cardiac output are interrelated. Signup and view all the answers

What is an association of long-term abnormally high blood pressure according to the text?

Long-term high blood pressure is linked to major health risks. Signup and view all the answers

SO3 Normal Values and Elastic Arteries Function

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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of systole?

What event marks the onset of atrial contraction in the cardiac cycle?

When does the first main heart sound (S1) occur in the cardiac cycle?

Why does exercise training tend to decrease the heart rate (HR) over time?

From a functional or evolutionary perspective, why would it make more sense to increase cardiac output through increases in stroke volume (SV) rather than increases in heart rate (HR)?

Which equation represents the relationship between blood pressure gradients, vascular resistance, and blood flow rate?

Which blood vessels have the smallest diameters?

What is the function of elastic arteries in the cardiovascular system?

Where is blood velocity the lowest due to high total cross-sectional area?

Why does average blood pressure decrease as blood passes through the systemic circuit?

Which component of blood pressure fluctuates according to the cardiac cycle?

Where is the average pressure lowest within the systemic circuit?

In which blood vessels do valves and muscle contractions help return blood to the heart?

What is the characteristic of capillaries that makes their overall resistance more moderate?

What is the primary purpose of gravity in the circulatory system?

Which type of blood vessel has the highest total resistance to volume flow?

How do capillary networks contribute to the overall circulatory system?

What are the four factors that can affect vascular resistance?

How is blood pressure measurement done and what causes the sounds heard during this measurement?

In which order do resistance, mean pressure, and blood flow velocity change as you move from arteries to veins?

How does gravity affect blood flow in the body?

What is the role of venous valves in minimizing the effects of gravity on blood flow?

How are the two circuits of blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, veins) connected?

What is the main difference between blood velocity and volume flow?

Where is the blood velocity the slowest?

How do resistance and cross-sectional area change as blood moves from arteries to capillaries?

How do resistance and cross-sectional area change in larger veins compared to arterioles and capillaries?

How are factors affecting blood flow through circuits and cardiac output related?

What is an association of long-term abnormally high blood pressure according to the text?

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