How Diagnostic Tests Work: DNA-Based Diagnostics

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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme is responsible for copying RNA into DNA?

  • Taq polymerase
  • Reverse transcriptase (correct)
  • Express SYBER Green
  • Polymerase

What is the purpose of copying RNA into DNA?

  • To prevent RNA degradation (correct)
  • To amplify RNA
  • To visualize RNA
  • To stabilize RNA

What does cDNA stand for?

  • Chemically stable DNA
  • Copied DNA
  • Complementary DNA (correct)
  • Conserved DNA

What is the purpose of using an SNP Chip in diagnostics?

<p>To detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (A)</p>
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Which component is required for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?

<p>Thermocycler (A)</p>
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What is the purpose of the DNA primer in PCR?

<p>To specify the DNA sequence (B)</p>
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What is the purpose of Taq polymerase in PCR?

<p>To copy the DNA (B)</p>
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What is the purpose of qPCR (quantitative PCR)?

<p>To calculate the amount of a specific gene or RNA present (A)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

<p>Hydrogen bond (D)</p>
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What does DNA stand for?

<p>Deoxyribonucleic acid (B)</p>
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What is the order of the bases in the given DNA sequence: G T G A C T?

<p>Guanine, Adenosine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, Adenosine (B)</p>
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Which company makes the HiSeq sequencing instrument?

<p>Illumina (D)</p>
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What is a gene?

<p>A specific sequence of DNA (B)</p>
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What is the base pair range for the HiSeq and Ion Proton sequencing instruments?

<p>150-200 base pairs (C)</p>
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What is the advantage of SNP chips over microarray chips?

<p>SNP chips can detect hundreds of thousands of DNA sequences simultaneously (C)</p>
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What is the purpose of whole genome sequencing?

<p>To diagnose genetic differences between normal physiology and a disease state (C)</p>
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Which of the following is true about complementary base pairing in DNA?

<p>A binds with C and T binds with G (D)</p>
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What is a DNA probe?

<p>A short sequence of chemically produced DNA (A)</p>
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What is the purpose of using a DNA probe in diagnostic DNA testing?

<p>To locate and identify specific sequences of DNA (C)</p>
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Which technique is commonly used for the detection of specific DNA sequences?

<p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (A)</p>
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Which of the following is the purpose of using a SNP chip in DNA assays?

<p>To detect sequence differences in DNA (C)</p>
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What is the function of a CCD camera in SNP chip analysis?

<p>To capture the output colors from the chip (D)</p>
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What does it mean if a patient's DNA binds in the first grid of an SNP chip?

<p>The patient does not have the e4 allele or gene (B)</p>
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What is the purpose of attaching a fluorescent label to the patient's DNA in SNP chip analysis?

<p>To visualize the binding of the patient's DNA to the chip (D)</p>
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Which nucleotide is complementary to the first base, T, on the single-stranded DNA?

<p>A (D)</p>
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What prevents the addition of additional nucleotides after the incorporation of the first A?

<p>Termination chemical (C)</p>
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What happens to the color of the nucleotide after the dye is removed?

<p>It becomes colorless (A)</p>
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What is the purpose of the termination chemical during the sequencing process?

<p>To prevent the addition of nucleotides (D)</p>
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What is the first nucleotide incorporated into the short probe chain after the T base?

<p>A (D)</p>
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What happens to the nucleotide after the termination chemical is removed?

<p>It becomes darker (C)</p>
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