How Diagnostic Tests Work: DNA-Based Diagnostics

Which enzyme is responsible for copying RNA into DNA?

Taq polymerase
Reverse transcriptase (correct)
Express SYBER Green
Polymerase

What is the purpose of copying RNA into DNA?

To prevent RNA degradation (correct)
To amplify RNA
To visualize RNA
To stabilize RNA

What does cDNA stand for?

Chemically stable DNA
Copied DNA
Complementary DNA (correct)
Conserved DNA

What is the purpose of using an SNP Chip in diagnostics?

To detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which component is required for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?

Thermocycler (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the DNA primer in PCR?

To specify the DNA sequence (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Taq polymerase in PCR?

To copy the DNA (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of qPCR (quantitative PCR)?

To calculate the amount of a specific gene or RNA present (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Hydrogen bond (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of the bases in the given DNA sequence: G T G A C T?

Guanine, Adenosine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, Adenosine (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which company makes the HiSeq sequencing instrument?

Illumina (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a gene?

A specific sequence of DNA (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the base pair range for the HiSeq and Ion Proton sequencing instruments?

150-200 base pairs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of SNP chips over microarray chips?

SNP chips can detect hundreds of thousands of DNA sequences simultaneously (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of whole genome sequencing?

To diagnose genetic differences between normal physiology and a disease state (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about complementary base pairing in DNA?

A binds with C and T binds with G (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a DNA probe?

A short sequence of chemically produced DNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a DNA probe in diagnostic DNA testing?

To locate and identify specific sequences of DNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is commonly used for the detection of specific DNA sequences?

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the purpose of using a SNP chip in DNA assays?

To detect sequence differences in DNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a CCD camera in SNP chip analysis?

To capture the output colors from the chip (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if a patient's DNA binds in the first grid of an SNP chip?

The patient does not have the e4 allele or gene (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of attaching a fluorescent label to the patient's DNA in SNP chip analysis?

To visualize the binding of the patient's DNA to the chip (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleotide is complementary to the first base, T, on the single-stranded DNA?

A (D) Signup and view all the answers

What prevents the addition of additional nucleotides after the incorporation of the first A?

Termination chemical (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the color of the nucleotide after the dye is removed?

It becomes colorless (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the termination chemical during the sequencing process?

To prevent the addition of nucleotides (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first nucleotide incorporated into the short probe chain after the T base?