Podcast
Questions and Answers
Nuts, nut pastes and seeds are classified as animal-based sources.
Nuts, nut pastes and seeds are classified as animal-based sources.
False
The Malnutrition Universal Screen Tool (MUST) is one of the screening tools to identify potential malnutrition cases.
The Malnutrition Universal Screen Tool (MUST) is one of the screening tools to identify potential malnutrition cases.
True
There are no soy products listed among the complete sources of nutrition.
There are no soy products listed among the complete sources of nutrition.
True
Artificial saliva or mouthwashes are recommended for managing dry mouth as part of nutritional management.
Artificial saliva or mouthwashes are recommended for managing dry mouth as part of nutritional management.
Signup and view all the answers
The top 10 cancers in Hong Kong are documented based on their prevalence in 2022.
The top 10 cancers in Hong Kong are documented based on their prevalence in 2022.
Signup and view all the answers
Chronic Kidney Disease progresses through five stages, with stage 1 defined as an eGFR between 60 and 89 ml/min/1.73m2.
Chronic Kidney Disease progresses through five stages, with stage 1 defined as an eGFR between 60 and 89 ml/min/1.73m2.
Signup and view all the answers
Hypertension is the second leading risk factor for Chronic Kidney Disease after diabetes.
Hypertension is the second leading risk factor for Chronic Kidney Disease after diabetes.
Signup and view all the answers
Stage 5 of Chronic Kidney Disease is considered fatal without intervention such as dialysis or kidney transplantation.
Stage 5 of Chronic Kidney Disease is considered fatal without intervention such as dialysis or kidney transplantation.
Signup and view all the answers
An eGFR of 30-44 ml/min/1.73m2 corresponds to stage 3B of Chronic Kidney Disease.
An eGFR of 30-44 ml/min/1.73m2 corresponds to stage 3B of Chronic Kidney Disease.
Signup and view all the answers
Chronic glomerulonephritis is not considered a causative factor of Chronic Kidney Disease.
Chronic glomerulonephritis is not considered a causative factor of Chronic Kidney Disease.
Signup and view all the answers
Osteoarthritis is sometimes referred to as degenerative joint disease.
Osteoarthritis is sometimes referred to as degenerative joint disease.
Signup and view all the answers
Consumption of large amounts of fruit juices is recommended for managing diarrhea.
Consumption of large amounts of fruit juices is recommended for managing diarrhea.
Signup and view all the answers
Decreased range of motion is a sign and symptom of osteoarthritis.
Decreased range of motion is a sign and symptom of osteoarthritis.
Signup and view all the answers
Serving food in glass dishes is discouraged in food presentation.
Serving food in glass dishes is discouraged in food presentation.
Signup and view all the answers
Increased fluid intake is not necessary when treating diarrhea.
Increased fluid intake is not necessary when treating diarrhea.
Signup and view all the answers
Lactose-free milk is safe for individuals following a Low-Galactose Dietary Pattern.
Lactose-free milk is safe for individuals following a Low-Galactose Dietary Pattern.
Signup and view all the answers
Rice milk is an acceptable substitute for cow's milk in a Low-Galactose Dietary Pattern.
Rice milk is an acceptable substitute for cow's milk in a Low-Galactose Dietary Pattern.
Signup and view all the answers
Breads and cereals containing buttermilk can be consumed in moderation on a Low-Galactose Dietary Pattern.
Breads and cereals containing buttermilk can be consumed in moderation on a Low-Galactose Dietary Pattern.
Signup and view all the answers
All forms of poultry are included in the allowable foods list for a Low-Galactose Dietary Pattern.
All forms of poultry are included in the allowable foods list for a Low-Galactose Dietary Pattern.
Signup and view all the answers
The use of sauces containing cream is permissible in a Low-Galactose Dietary Pattern.
The use of sauces containing cream is permissible in a Low-Galactose Dietary Pattern.
Signup and view all the answers
The removal of the entire colon, rectum, and anus is called a small bowel resection.
The removal of the entire colon, rectum, and anus is called a small bowel resection.
Signup and view all the answers
In small bowel resections, malabsorption of vitamin B12 typically occurs following an ileum resection.
In small bowel resections, malabsorption of vitamin B12 typically occurs following an ileum resection.
Signup and view all the answers
After small bowel resection, patients should immediately switch to a diet high in lactose and concentrated sweets.
After small bowel resection, patients should immediately switch to a diet high in lactose and concentrated sweets.
Signup and view all the answers
Short bowel syndrome can lead to symptoms such as dehydration and muscle wasting due to malabsorption.
Short bowel syndrome can lead to symptoms such as dehydration and muscle wasting due to malabsorption.
Signup and view all the answers
The ileostomy involves the opening of the colon at the abdominal wall.
The ileostomy involves the opening of the colon at the abdominal wall.
Signup and view all the answers
Primary hypertension accounts for 80-85% of patients with hypertension.
Primary hypertension accounts for 80-85% of patients with hypertension.
Signup and view all the answers
The DASH diet is designed to increase sodium intake for managing blood pressure.
The DASH diet is designed to increase sodium intake for managing blood pressure.
Signup and view all the answers
Secondary hypertension is caused by lifestyle choices and genetic factors.
Secondary hypertension is caused by lifestyle choices and genetic factors.
Signup and view all the answers
An appropriate action for managing hypertension includes increasing potassium intake.
An appropriate action for managing hypertension includes increasing potassium intake.
Signup and view all the answers
Systolic blood pressure of 130 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 85 mmHg indicates stage 1 hypertension.
Systolic blood pressure of 130 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 85 mmHg indicates stage 1 hypertension.
Signup and view all the answers
Incomplete sources of protein are primarily animal-based.
Incomplete sources of protein are primarily animal-based.
Signup and view all the answers
To successfully manage hypertension, one should reduce alcohol intake.
To successfully manage hypertension, one should reduce alcohol intake.
Signup and view all the answers
Malnutrition can occur from exclusively consuming high-quality animal-based protein.
Malnutrition can occur from exclusively consuming high-quality animal-based protein.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
SNH5419 Clinical Nutrition Module Summary
- Covers SOAP documentation for nutritional care plans
- Includes subjective, objective, assessment, and plan sections
- Subjective information includes patient/family info, diet history, physical activity, beliefs/attitudes, prior contact with dietitians, complaints (e.g., nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite), and previous nutrition support.
- Objective data includes factual observations, diagnosis, current diet/nutrition support, height, weight, BMI, weight history, biochemical data, temperature, activity level, bowel movements, infection, medications related to diet, social history, and nutrition-focused examination findings (e.g., SGA, PG-SGA).
- Assessment includes overall nutrition status/nutrition problem, energy, protein, fluid requirements (including calculations), assessment of dietary intake, PESS statement (Problem...related to...Etiology…as evidenced by...Signs or symptoms), and assessment of nutritional knowledge, motivation, and stage of change.
- Plan section covers nutritional interventions (hospital diet, energy, protein, fluids), discharge plans, education for patients and caregivers, monitoring items, and review plans with timeframes.
The Stages of Change Theory
- Behavioral change is a process
- Individuals go through different stages before changing
- 5 commonly identified stages exist:
- Preparation, Action, Maintenance, Contemplation , Pre-Contemplation.
- People can move back and forth between stage.
L1 Nutritional Care Plan - SOAP example
- S: Patient works nights, eats two meals daily (fried food, burgers, beer), does not add salt, plays golf once monthly.
- O: 34-year-old male with hypertension (HTN), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), hyperlipidemia, 178cm tall, 113kg, BMI 35.7 (Obesity II).
- A: Excessive food intake, especially high-fat/high-sugar takeaways leading to rapid weight gain. Can benefit from increased physical activity and gradual weight loss.
- P: Provided basic balanced diet education, guidelines for dining out/takeaways, follow-up appointment scheduled within one month after discharge.
L2 Hypertension
- Hypertension is persistently high arterial blood pressure.
- Two types:
- Primary/Essential: affects 90-95% of patients, complex interaction between poor lifestyle choices and genetics (e.g., high sodium, low fruit/vegetable intake, physical inactivity)
- Secondary: occurs as a result of another disease (e.g., endocrine issues, thyroid problems, renal failure).
- Diagnostic Criteria: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg OR Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg
- Pre-hypertension: SBP between 120-139 mmHg OR DBP between 80-89 mmHg
L2 Hypertension - Management
- Eat less salt (including avoiding high-sodium foods)
- Increase potassium intake
- Reduce excess weight
- Engage in appropriate physical activity
- Reduce alcohol intake
- Manage stress
- Medications as needed
- DASH diet recommended.
L3 Malnutrition
-
Protein Sources:
- Complete (animal-based): meat, chicken, fish, eggs, dairy (milk, yogurt, cheese)
- Incomplete (plant-based): nuts, nut pastes, seeds, legumes, beans, lentils, whole grains (wheat, rice, oats, buckwheat), soy products (tofu, soymilk), quinoa, amaranth.
-
Screening Tools: Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Malnutrition Universal Screen Tool (MUST)
L4 Oncology
- Top 10 cancers in Hong Kong (2021). Include incidence and mortality rates for both sexes and specific cancer types. Data from 2021.
L6 Pulmonary Disorder - COPD
- Characterized by progressive airway obstruction.
- Symptoms include dyspnea (shortness of breath) on exertion, chronic cough, increased sputum production, and tiredness.
- Additional symptoms can include wheezing, chest tightness, weight loss, and respiratory infections.
- Risk factors: cigarette smoking (most significant, 80-90% of COPD cases), passive smoking, occupational exposure, air pollution, and genetic abnormalities (e.g., alpha-1 deficiency).
- Objectives for COPD nutritional care: maintain healthy body weight, correct fluid imbalances, and manage potential drug interactions, prevent osteoporosis.
L7 GI Disorder - GERD
- Esophageal protective mechanism: low pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter and high intra-abdominal pressure.
- Symptoms: reflux of gastric secretions, heartburn, substernal pain, belching, and esophageal spasm.
- High-risk groups: pregnant women, overweight individuals, patients with COPD or hiatal hernia, those taking muscle relaxants, NSAIDs or smoking.
- Complications: esophagitis, esophageal erosions, stricture, and dysphagia (difficulty swallowing).
L7 GI Disorder -Nutritional Management - GERD
- Avoid large, high-fat meals
- Avoid caffeinated beverages (coffee, carbonated drinks)
- Avoid excessive spices (chili, peppermint)
- Avoid/limit excess citrus fruits
- A low-fat, liquid diet may be helpful initially to minimize esophageal distention
- Consider gradual progression of dietary upgrades based on recovery.
- Weight loss for overweight individuals.
L9 Metabolic Stress – Enteral Nutrition
- Types of enteral feeding: Nasogastric tube (NGT), Orogastric tube (OGT), Nasoenteric tube, Oroenteric tube, Gastrostomy tube, Jejunostomy tube.
L9 Metabolic Stress – Parenteral Nutrition
- Parenteral nutrition is used when the GI tract is not functioning adequately or when normal feeding is insufficient.
- It supplies all daily nutritional requirements through intravenous routes using central or peripheral veins catheters for nutrient solutions.
- Total parental nutrition (TPN)/hyperalimentation.
- Catheters are usually surgically inserted.
L10 Functions of Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancrease
- Liver: Metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, vitamin storage and activation, conversion of ammonia to urea (for detoxification), Steroid metabolism.
- Gallbladder: Concentrates, stores and excretes bile produced by the liver.
- Pancreas: Secretes digestive enzymes to digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates; Endocrine actions include insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin.
L11 Renal Disease - CKD
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by kidney damage markers (e.g., albumimuria, haematuria) or reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73m² on at least two occasions 90 days apart.
- Common causes include: diabetes, hypertension, chronic glomerulonephritis, infections, toxic agents, renal vascular issues, genetic disorders or autoimmune diseases.
- CKD is categorized in stages based on eGFR levels.
L11 Renal Disease -Nutritional Management for Renal Diseases
- Goal: Achieve optimal nutritional status, balance of nitrogen, fluid, and electrolytes; prevent build-up of toxic metabolic products to minimize uremic toxicity.
- Goals: Prevent CKD progression and postpone dialysis; prevent complications (e,g wasting, bone problems, hypertension, oedema, congestive heart failure.
L12 Food Allergy and Intolerance
- Types of hypersensitivity: Type I (immediate), Type II (antibody-dependent cytotoxic), Type III (immune complex-mediated), Type IV (delayed).
L12 Medical Management of IBS
- Medications: Laxatives, Loperamide, Antispasmodic agents, Antidepressants
- Dietary Modifications: Low FODMAP diet. Probiotic supplementation
- Counselling: Techniques for relaxation and stress reduction
L12 Low FODMAP Diet Instructions
- Limit the amount of fructose in each meal.
- Restrict lactose-containing foods.
- Avoid foods with fructose levels exceeding glucose amounts.
- Avoid foods with significant fructans and galactans.
- Avoid polyol-containing foods.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the essentials of SOAP documentation in nutritional care planning, detailing subjective and objective data, assessments, and treatment plans. Key aspects include evaluating patient histories, current nutritional support, and compiling comprehensive assessments to optimize nutritional outcomes.
