Jarvis Chapter 12: Nutrition Assessment Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding breastfeeding for women who are HIV positive?

  • Women who are HIV positive should not breast-feed because HIV can be transmitted through breast milk. (correct)
  • She can breast-feed as long as she uses pumped breast milk.
  • It is safe for women who are HIV positive to breast-feed.
  • There is not enough information to know whether it would be safe for her to breast-feed.

What does a magenta-colored tongue indicate during an assessment of a patient?

  • Vitamin C deficiency.
  • Vitamin D and calcium deficiency.
  • Riboflavin deficiency. (correct)
  • Iron deficiency.

Which of the following are risk factors for metabolic syndrome? Select all that apply.

  • Blood pressure reading of 140/90 mm/Hg (correct)
  • Triglyceride level of 120 mg/dl
  • Fasting plasma glucose level less than 110 mg/dl
  • Blood pressure reading of 110/80 mm/Hg
  • Fasting plasma glucose level greater than or equal to 100 mg/dl (correct)

The nurse recognizes that which of the following persons is at greatest risk for undernutrition?

<p>A 5-month-old infant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a patient's nutritional status, the nurse recalls that the best definition of optimal nutritional status is:

<p>Sufficient nutrients to provide for daily body requirements and for increased metabolic demands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements represents accurate information for a mother of a 1-year-old child regarding nutrition?

<p>It is important to maintain adequate fat and caloric intake. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which information is appropriate for the nurse to share with a pregnant woman interested in breast-feeding?

<p>Breast milk provides the nutrients necessary for growth as well as natural immunity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents information the nurse should discuss with a mother and her 13-year-old daughter concerning recent weight gain?

<p>Suggestions for snacks high in protein, iron, and calcium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following problems related to nutritional status might the nurse expect to find in a 30-year-old unemployed immigrant from an underdeveloped country?

<p>Osteomalacia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a nutritional assessment of a 22-year-old male refugee, the nurse must remember to:

<p>Clarify what is meant by the term 'food.' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true concerning the nutritional assessment?

<p>It identifies patients who are at risk of malnutrition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The initial nutritional screening for a patient with no prior nutrition-related problems should include which of the following?

<p>Measurement of weight and weight history (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is asked to indicate on a form how many times he eats a specific food. This would describe which of the following methods for obtaining dietary information?

<p>Food frequency questionnaire (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concern exists regarding the nutritional status of a 68-year-old woman who is complaining of constipation?

<p>The absorption of nutrients may be impaired. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a nutritional assessment, why is it important for the nurse to ask a patient what medications he or she is taking?

<p>Certain drugs can affect the metabolism of nutrients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse's best response to a patient who says that his food just doesn't have any taste anymore would be:

<p>&quot;When did you first notice this change?&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse's appropriate response for a 15-year-old girl who thinks she is 'so fat' and weighs 110 pounds would be:

<p>&quot;How much do you think you should weigh?&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods are recommended for a mother discussing appropriate foods with her 3-year-old child?

<p>Finger foods and nutritious snacks that can't cause choking. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most likely to affect the nutritional status of an 82-year-old person?

<p>Living alone on a fixed income (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common anthropometric measurements include:

<p>Height and weight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a 29-year-old woman weighs 146 pounds and her ideal body weight is 120 pounds, how would the nurse classify her weight?

<p>Obese (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To perform a triceps skinfold assessment, the examiner would do which of the following?

<p>After applying the calipers, wait 3 seconds before taking a reading. Repeat the procedure three times. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing muscle mass and fat stores on a 40-year-old woman, the nurse would use:

<p>Mid arm muscle area. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is important when evaluating mid upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold of an 82-year-old man?

<p>These measurements may not be accurate because of changes in skin and fat distribution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What measurement would be necessary to include in the assessment for a patient hospitalized frequently for chronic lung disease?

<p>Mid arm muscle area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the technique for measuring frame size?

<p>With the patient's right arm extended forward and the elbow extended, measure the distance from fingertips to the condyle of the humerus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In teaching a patient how to determine total body fat at home, the nurse includes instructions to obtain measurements of:

<p>Waist and hip circumferences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient would be at increased risk for obesity-related diseases?

<p>A 46-year-old woman whose percent ideal body weight is 130%, waist is 30 inches, and hips 38 inches. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What measurement will the nurse use to determine if an 8-year-old boy's weight gain is a problem?

<p>Waist-to-hip ratio. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true in determining the body mass index of an 80-year-old man who is confined to a wheelchair?

<p>Height measurements may not be accurate because of changes in bone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To verify suspected iron deficiency, which laboratory studies should the nurse obtain for a 30-year-old woman?

<p>Hemoglobin and hematocrit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is important for patient teaching related to laboratory results for a 50-year-old woman with high cholesterol?

<p>Information regarding a low saturated fat diet. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In assessing a patient who has lost weight due to a quick loss diet, which laboratory report will the nurse want to obtain?

<p>Total lymphocyte count. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To obtain accurate nitrogen balance and creatinine-height index, what must the nurse ensure?

<p>An accurate 24-hour urine specimen has been collected. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the results of laboratory tests is true?

<p>Variations based on biocultural differences may exist. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would the nurse expect to find when performing an assessment on a 49-year-old woman with dysphagia and imbalanced nutrition?

<p>Inadequate food intake. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would the nurse expect to find in a 21-year-old woman on a low-protein liquid diet for 2 months?

<p>Decreased serum albumin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change directly affects the nutritional status of the elderly?

<p>Slowed gastrointestinal motility. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is most appropriate for planning nutritional interventions for a healthy, active 74-year-old woman?

<p>Decrease the number of calories she is eating because of the decrease in energy requirements from loss of lean body mass. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding routine laboratory testing?

<p>In infancy and childhood, laboratory tests should be performed at each well-child check-up, regardless of whether the child is exhibiting signs of illness that affect nutritional status. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which individual is most likely to have an anergic response when assessing skin test antigens?

<p>An individual with malnutrition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which body composition-measuring tool measures fat and lean body mass and bone mineral density?

<p>Dual-energy x-ray (DEXA) absorptiometry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following measurements is an early indicator of protein malnutrition?

<p>Serum albumin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When evaluating the serum albumin level of a 65-year-old man brought in dazed and incoherent, what must the nurse keep in mind?

<p>Low serum albumin levels may be caused by reasons other than protein-calorie malnutrition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is due to an inadequate intake of both protein and calories?

<p>Marasmus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Optimal Nutritional Status

The ability to meet the body's daily energy and nutrient needs, including those required for growth and development.

Undernutrition

A condition in which an individual does not consume enough nutrients to meet their body's needs, leading to health problems.

Infancy

The period from birth to 1 year of age, characterized by rapid growth and development.

Nutritional Deficiency

A condition characterized by inadequate intake of essential nutrients, particularly during infancy and childhood.

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Breastfeeding

The process of providing nourishment and support to a newborn infant through breastfeeding.

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Breastfeeding

The process of providing nourishment and support to a newborn infant through breastfeeding.

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Overweight

A condition in which an individual consumes more calories than their body requires, leading to excess weight.

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Adolescence

The period from approximately 10-19 years of age, characterized by significant physical and hormonal changes.

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Body Image Misperception

A condition in which an individual experiences a distorted perception of their body image.

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Osteomalacia

A condition characterized by a softening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency.

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Rickets

A condition characterized by a softening of bones in children due to vitamin D deficiency.

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Nutritional Assessment

A process of gathering information about an individual's nutritional status.

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Food Frequency Questionnaire

A method of collecting information about an individual's food intake over a specified period of time.

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24-Hour Recall

A method of collecting information about an individual's food intake over a 24-hour period.

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Constipation

A condition characterized by difficulty in passing stool.

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Anthropometric Measurements

Measurements of the body, such as height, weight, and skinfold thickness.

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Skinfold Thickness

The thickness of a fold of skin, used to estimate body fat percentage.

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Mid-Arm Circumference

The measurement of the circumference of the upper arm, used to assess muscle mass.

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Hemoglobin

A protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.

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Hematocrit

The percentage of red blood cells in the blood.

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Anergic Response

A weakened response to skin tests, indicating potential protein malnutrition.

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Serum Albumin

A protein found in the blood, used as an indicator of protein malnutrition.

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Metabolic Syndrome

A condition characterized by a cluster of risk factors, including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and excess body fat.

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Hypertension

A chronic condition characterized by high blood pressure.

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Elevated Fasting Plasma Glucose

A condition characterized by consistently high blood sugar levels.

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Obesity

A state of excess body fat, often leading to health problems.

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Restrictive Diet

A type of diet that restricts certain foods or food groups.

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Balanced Diet

A type of diet that emphasizes nutrient-dense foods, including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

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Subjective Nutritional Assessment

A type of nutritional assessment method that involves collecting information about an individual's food choices from their personal perspective.

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Objective Nutritional Assessment

A type of nutritional assessment method that involves collecting objective data about an individual's nutritional status.

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Study Notes

Nutritional Assessment and Undernutrition

  • Infants, particularly those under 6 months, are at heightened risk for undernutrition.
  • Optimal nutritional status is defined by the ability to meet both daily and increased metabolic nutritional demands.

Infant and Child Nutrition

  • Maintaining adequate fat and caloric intake is crucial for infants, especially around 1 year of age.
  • Breastfeeding is recommended for the first 2 years, providing necessary nutrients and immunity.

Adolescent Nutritional Concerns

  • Nutritional guidance for teenagers should include high-protein, iron, and calcium snacks rather than restrictive diets.
  • Adolescent girls may misperceive their body image; accurate assessment is vital.

Underlying Health Conditions

  • Immigrants from underdeveloped countries may face issues such as osteomalacia due to nutritional deficiencies.
  • Nutritional assessments require clarification of food terminology for diverse populations.

Importance of Nutritional Assessments

  • Nutritional assessments are critical to identify those at risk of malnutrition, not limited to overweight individuals.
  • Initial screening includes basic measurements like weight and medical history.

Dietary Information Collection

  • Different methods exist for collecting dietary intake data including food frequency questionnaires and 24-hour recalls.

Nutritional Concerns in the Elderly

  • Constipation in older adults may indicate impaired nutrient absorption.
  • Measurement techniques must be adjusted for elderly patients due to physiological changes.

Body Measurements and Nutritional Health

  • Common anthropometric measurements include height and weight.
  • Use of triceps skinfold and mid-arm circumference helps evaluate muscle and fat stores.

Laboratory Assessments

  • Serum levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit are essential for identifying potential iron deficiencies.
  • Understanding laboratory variations based on biocultural differences is important for accurate analysis.

Risk Factors and Conditions

  • Anergic responses in skin tests indicate potential malnutrition, especially in older adults.
  • Serum albumin is a key indicator of protein malnutrition, requiring careful interpretation.

Special Populations and Breastfeeding

  • HIV-positive women are generally advised against breastfeeding due to transmission risks.
  • Children experiencing erratic eating habits, particularly fast food consumption, may exhibit various health complaints.

Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Risks

  • Key risk factors for metabolic syndrome include elevated fasting plasma glucose and hypertension.
  • Understanding these risks aids in effective interventions for obese patients.

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