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SNC2D Science Grade 10 Academic

This course covers biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics for grade 10 academic students. It builds on the concepts learned in SNC1D and uses the ON Science 10 textbook.

Created by
@BrightEuphemism
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Questions and Answers

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What is a characteristic of metals?

Good conductors of heat and electricity

Hydrogen is an alkali metal.

False

What do halogens lack in their outer shell to have a full shell?

One electron

The atomic number of an element represents the number of ____________________ in an atom.

<p>protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of noble gases?

<p>Non metals that are colorless, odorless gases and very unreactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metalloids have properties that are intermediate between metals and non-metals.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following groups with their properties:

<p>Alkali Metals = Soft, silver grey metals Alkaline Earth Metals = Silver grey metals that are harder and less reactive than group 1 metals Halogens = Coloured non metals that are very reactive Noble Gases = Non metals that are colorless, odorless gases and very unreactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

An ion is an atom with a ____________________ charge.

<p>negative/positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Lr34 gene in plants?

<p>To produce a protein that transports disease fighting molecules throughout the plant cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

All plants have flowers.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the shoot system in a plant?

<p>The shoot system supports the plant, performs photosynthesis, and transports sap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of transpiration pulls water in the xylem up towards the ___________.

<p>leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cohesion in the water column?

<p>It holds the water column together</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stem cells are specialized cells that can only become one type of cell.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following plant organ systems with their functions:

<p>Root System = Takes in water and minerals from the soil and transports them to the shoot system Shoot System = Supports the plant, performs photosynthesis, and transports sap Xylem = Transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves Embryonic Stem Cells = Found in adult tissues and can only become one type of cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ethylene in fruit ripening?

<p>Ethylene stimulates the ripening of fruits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for refraction?

<p>Changes in the speed of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the textbook used in this course?

<p>ON Science 10: Science, Technology, Society, Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dispersion is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed of light in a vacuum?

<p>almost 300 million m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

The course SNC2D is a pre-requisite for SNC1D.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A lens is a curved transparent material that is smooth and regularly shaped so that when light strikes it, the light refracts in a predictable and ______________________ way.

<p>useful</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Lunchtime Extra Help sessions?

<p>To help students who failed a test, quiz, or assignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal axis of a lens?

<p>An imaginary line drawn through the optical center perpendicular to both surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the acid-base reactions in the chemistry unit?

<p>Acid-base reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lenses can only be used to magnify an image.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of electrons in the innermost shell of an atom?

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of lenses with their characteristics:

<p>Converging lens = Refracts light inward, making the image larger Diverging lens = Refracts light outward, making the image smaller</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is partial reflection and refraction?

<p>A phenomenon in which some of the light that is travelling from one medium into another is reflected and some is refracted at the boundary between the media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

All atoms of elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the suffix used to end the name of a negatively charged ion in a binary ionic compound?

<p>ide</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a metal atom loses an electron, it forms a ______________________ ion.

<p>positively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of ionic compounds at room temperature?

<p>They are hard and fragile solids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

All metals are multivalent elements.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an ionic compound dissolves in water?

<p>The ions become free and the ionic solution conducts electricity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of compounds with their descriptions:

<p>Ionic Compound = Formed from the transfer of electrons between atoms Molecular Compound = Formed from the sharing of electrons between atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Description

  • Encompasses understanding of concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics
  • Develops understanding of scientific theories related to connections between cells and systems in animals and plants
  • Examines chemical reactions, forces affecting climate and climate change, and interaction of light and matter

Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids

  • Metals: located on the left and center of the periodic table
    • Good conductors of heat and electricity
    • Shiny and usually silver-colored
    • Solids at room temperature (except one)
  • Non-Metals: located on the right side of the periodic table
    • Poor conductors of heat and electricity
    • Solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature
  • Metalloids: elements with properties intermediate between metals and non-metals
    • Located between metals and non-metals in the periodic table

Chemical Families

  • Alkali Metals (Group 1): soft, silver-gray metals that react easily with water and oxygen
  • Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2): harder, less reactive silver-gray metals
  • Halogens (Group 17): colored non-metals that are very reactive
  • Noble Gases (Group 18): colorless, odorless gases that are very unreactive

Atomic Structure

  • Atomic Number: number of protons in an atom (e.g., copper has 29 protons)
  • Atomic Mass: average mass of an atom of an element
  • Ion: atom with a negative or positive charge
  • Electron arrangement patterns:
    • Maximum of 2 electrons in the innermost shell
    • Maximum of 8 electrons in the next two shells
    • Valence electrons are the same for elements in the same group
    • Noble gases have full valence shells

Compounds

  • Compound: pure substance made up of chemically combined elements
  • Types of compounds: ionic and molecular
  • Ionic compound: formed from positive and negative ions
  • Binary Ionic Compound: composed of a metal cation and a non-metal anion
    • Naming rules: first part identifies the positive ion, second part identifies the negative ion with a suffix (-ide)

Light and Optics

  • Speed of light: approximately 300 million m/s in a vacuum
  • Refraction: bending of light as it passes from one medium to another
  • Dispersion: separation of white light into different wavelengths (colors)
  • Partial Reflection and Refraction: phenomenon at the boundary between media
  • Lens: curved transparent material that refracts light predictably
    • Can be converging or diverging, depending on how it refracts light
    • Can be used to magnify or project images

Plant Biology

  • Reproductive organ: the flower, responsible for reproduction
  • Plant hormones: stimulate ripening of fruits (e.g., ethylene)
  • Plant Organ Systems:
    • Root System: takes in water and minerals from soil and transports them to the shoot system
    • Shoot System: supports the plant, performs photosynthesis, and transports sap
    • Root Pressure: water and nutrients enter roots by osmosis and move towards the center
    • Transpiration: evaporation of water from leaves creates tension that pulls water up the xylem from the roots

Stem Cells

  • Unsaturated cell capable of becoming any cell in the human body
  • Two types: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells
  • Embryonic stem cells: found in embryos and can differentiate into other cell types

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