SNC 1WA Chemistry Exam Review

Questions and Answers

What is the difference between physical and chemical properties?

Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance, whereas chemical properties describe the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change.

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative physical properties?

Qualitative physical properties describe characteristics that cannot be measured, such as color and odor, whereas quantitative physical properties can be measured, such as length and mass.

What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?

A physical change involves a change in state or form, but not composition, whereas a chemical change involves a change in composition.

What is the difference between a homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture?

A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition, whereas a heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between CO and Co?

CO is the chemical formula for carbon monoxide, whereas Co is the symbol for the element cobalt. Signup and view all the answers

Distinguish between insulators and conductors. Provide two examples of each.

Insulators are materials that do not allow electric charges to flow through them. Examples: wood, plastic. Conductors are materials that allow electric charges to flow through them. Examples: copper, aluminum. Signup and view all the answers

What is an electroscope, and how is it used?

An electroscope is a device used to detect and measure electric charges. It is used to determine whether an object is charged and whether it is positively or negatively charged. Signup and view all the answers

Why do you easily get shocked after sliding down a plastic slide? Would a metal slide produce the same result?

You get shocked after sliding down a plastic slide because the friction generates static electricity, causing a buildup of electric charge on your body. A metal slide would not produce the same result because metals are conductors and allow the electric charge to be transferred to the ground. Signup and view all the answers

How do lightning rods protect buildings from lightning?

Lightning rods protect buildings from lightning by attracting the lightning and directing it harmlessly into the ground. They are made of conductive materials and are installed at the highest points of buildings. Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the resistance of an electrical appliance that draws 5.9A of current when connected to a 250 V power source.

Using Ohm's Law, R = V/I, the resistance is 250V / 5.9A = 42.37Ω. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemistry Review

Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical properties: characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance
Chemical properties: characteristics that describe the way a substance reacts with other substances

Qualitative and Quantitative Physical Properties

Qualitative physical properties: describe the characteristics of a substance using descriptive words (e.g. color, texture, odor)
Quantitative physical properties: describe the characteristics of a substance using numerical values (e.g. length, mass, volume)

Physical and Chemical Changes

Physical change: a change in which the substance remains the same but its form or state changes (e.g. melting, boiling, crushing)
Chemical change: a change in which the substance is transformed into a new substance (e.g. burning, rusting, cooking)

Matter Classification

Pure substance: a substance that consists of only one type of matter
Impure substance: a substance that consists of two or more different types of matter

Elements and Compounds

Element: a pure substance that consists of only one type of atom
Compound: a pure substance that consists of two or more different types of atoms

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures

Homogeneous mixture: a mixture that has the same composition throughout
Heterogeneous mixture: a mixture that has different compositions in different parts

Atomic Structure

Bohr-Rutherford model: a model of the atom that describes the nucleus, protons, neutrons, and electrons
Protons: positively charged particles in the nucleus
Neutrons: particles with no charge in the nucleus
Electrons: negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus

Atomic Calculations

Finding neutrons: subtract the atomic number from the mass number
Finding mass: add the atomic number and neutrons
Finding the element: use the atomic number and mass number to determine the element

Metal and Non-Metal Properties

Metals: typically shiny, conduct electricity, and are malleable
Non-metals: typically dull, do not conduct electricity, and are brittle

Particle Theory of Matter

Matters are made up of tiny particles called atoms
Atoms are indivisible and indestructible
Atoms can combine to form molecules

Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Ionic compound: a compound formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms
Covalent compound: a compound formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

Periodic Table

Period: a horizontal row in the periodic table
Group: a vertical column in the periodic table
Chemical families: vertical columns in the periodic table with similar properties

Chemical Reactions

Example of each type of chemical reaction:
- Synthesis: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
- Decomposition: 2H2O → 2H2 + O2
- Single displacement: Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu

Electricity Review

Static and Current Electricity

Static electricity: the buildup of electric charges on an object
Current electricity: the flow of electric charges through a conductor

Laws of Electric Charge

Like charges repel, opposite charges attract
The force of attraction or repulsion between two charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

Charging Methods

Friction: transferring electrons from one object to another through friction
Contact: transferring electrons from one object to another through direct contact
Induction: transferring electrons from one object to another without direct contact

Insulators and Conductors

Insulators: materials that do not conduct electricity
Conductors: materials that conduct electricity
Examples:
- Insulators: wood, rubber, glass
- Conductors: copper, aluminum, iron

Electroscope and Grounding

Electroscope: a device that detects electric charges
Grounding: connecting an object to the earth to neutralize electric charges

Electrical Measurements and Calculations

Current: the flow of electric charges
Voltage: the potential difference between two points
Resistance: the opposition to the flow of electric charges
Power: the rate of doing work
Efficiency: the ratio of output power to input power
Chart to compare: current, voltage, resistance, power, % efficiency

Electrical Circuits

Series circuit: a circuit with one pathway for electric charges to flow
Parallel circuit: a circuit with multiple pathways for electric charges to flow
Differences between series and parallel circuits:
- Number of pathways
- Current
- Potential difference
- Resistance
- Ability to control loads independently