SNAP Participation and Employment Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes a common reason why individuals who work may still need to participate in SNAP?

  • They are required to participate in SNAP to maintain employment.
  • They prefer to work part-time jobs and don't want full-time employment.
  • Their employment provides inadequate income or has inconsistent work hours. (correct)
  • They work in high paying jobs with benefits that are difficult to understand.

Which occupation had more than one in five workers participating in SNAP?

  • Customer Service Representatives
  • Secretaries
  • Cashiers (correct)
  • Office Clerks

In 2022, what percentage of workers in service occupations earned at or below the federal minimum wage?

  • Around 80 percent
  • 73 percent (correct)
  • Nearly 60 percent
  • Approximately 33 percent

Which group of workers is less likely to have access to paid sick leave?

<p>Black, Latinx, and women workers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence for workers lacking paid sick or vacation leave?

<p>They lose wages when taking unpaid leave. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of SNAP participants are employed in professional and business services?

<p>10 percent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are stability in jobs and access to paid leave related?

<p>Greater access to paid leave is associated with job retention. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen to workers without access to paid family leave?

<p>They might have to quit their jobs to care for family. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of SNAP participants work in service occupations?

<p>28 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of the total workforce is utilizing SNAP?

<p>Approximately 10 percent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend is expected for low-paying jobs over the next decade?

<p>The number of low-paying jobs will continue to grow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors are most likely to cause low-paying workers to experience unstable incomes?

<p>Irregular or unpredictable schedules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of workers are estimated to be living below the poverty line despite full-time jobs?

<p>1 in 9 workers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of the scheduling practices in low-paying occupations?

<p>Frequent changes with little advance notice. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one health-related outcome associated with unstable work schedules?

<p>Increased psychological distress. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic groups are more likely to report inadequate access to child care?

<p>Black households (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major reason that workers in low-paying jobs experience more unemployment?

<p>There is a lack of job security in temporary positions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the eligibility for unemployment insurance affect low-paid workers?

<p>Low-paid workers are less likely to be covered (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is particularly disadvantaged by the eligibility requirements for unemployment insurance?

<p>Black, Latinx, and women workers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend was observed regarding unemployment insurance during the COVID-19 pandemic?

<p>Racial and ethnic differences in receipt persisted (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between education level and unemployment insurance eligibility?

<p>Lower education levels are linked to less likelihood of applying (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does irregular work scheduling affect workers' lives?

<p>It can increase psychological distress. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact do low-paying jobs have on workers concerning benefits?

<p>They often do not provide benefits such as paid leave. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might workers with incomes below $40,000 struggle to pay bills?

<p>Income fluctuations are often caused by irregular work schedules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is primarily concentrated in self-employment as gig workers?

<p>Self-employed passenger drivers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What research could be conducted to evaluate gig work?

<p>Investigating which workers gain from flexible schedules and which face downsides. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenges do low-wage workers in industries like retail and food service face?

<p>Income instability and difficulty managing child care. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What often happens to low-wage workers who become sick or have caregiving responsibilities?

<p>They may lose their jobs or delay health care. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do SNAP benefits change for households with rising earnings?

<p>Benefits are gradually reduced as earnings rise. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 20 percent deduction from earned income in the SNAP benefit formula?

<p>To reflect the cost of work-related expenses and further assist workers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of workers is most likely to experience unstable incomes due to irregular work schedules and inadequate work hours?

<p>Workers in low-paying service industries with inconsistent schedules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of the SNAP program on workers with fluctuating pay, specifically when their earnings decline?

<p>They can qualify for higher SNAP benefits to smooth out their income. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these occupations has more than 1 in 5 workers participating in SNAP?

<p>Home health and personal care aides (A), Agricultural graders and sorters (B), Maids and housekeeping cleaners (C), School bus monitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The text mentions that many workers participate in SNAP while they are working. What does this suggest about SNAP's role in supporting workers?

<p>SNAP can provide a safety net for workers who may experience periods of low income or unemployment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these occupations listed in the text is NOT classified as a service occupation?

<p>Truck drivers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it significant that many SNAP participants "stop participating when they are earning more"?

<p>This suggests that SNAP is only intended for temporary use, not long-term reliance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does SNAP's structure support workers?

<p>By allowing workers to participate in the program while they are employed and supplement their earnings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the text's main point about SNAP's relationship to workers in low-paying jobs?

<p>SNAP is a vital program for supporting workers in low-paying jobs who may experience periods of low income or unemployment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic of workers participating in SNAP?

<p>They tend to work in occupations with high turnover and irregular scheduling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which percentage of workers in SNAP are employed in professional jobs?

<p>14 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In SNAP participation, which is the least common industry sector for workers?

<p>Construction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is most likely to struggle with income fluctuations?

<p>Workers with incomes below $40,000. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of gig work?

<p>It is often not governed by wage or salary agreements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does losing a low-paying job have on workers concerning health care?

<p>They may delay needed health care or lose jobs due to caregiving roles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of workers is less likely to receive unemployment insurance despite a higher incidence of unemployment?

<p>Workers in low-paying jobs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic group faces disadvantages under unemployment insurance eligibility requirements?

<p>Women, Black, and Latinx workers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend was noted about unemployment insurance during the COVID-19 pandemic?

<p>Racial and ethnic disparities in receipt persisted. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to low-paid workers experiencing more periods of unemployment?

<p>Growth of temporary and short-term jobs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of jobs in which many SNAP participants work?

<p>They are often part-time and low-wage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

SNAP Eligibility

Three-quarters of eligible workers qualify for SNAP only part of the year.

Low-Paying Jobs

1 in 9 workers have full-time jobs that pay below the poverty line.

Common Low-Paying Occupations

Home aides, restaurant cooks, stockers, and freight movers have lower median wages.

Part-Time Workers

4 million workers desired full-time jobs but worked part-time in 2024.

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Scheduling Practices

Irregular schedules contribute to low and unstable incomes for many workers.

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Impact of Irregular Schedules

Workers with unstable schedules face higher psychological distress and job challenges.

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Employee Benefits

Only 58% of the lowest wage quartile workers had paid sick leave in 2023.

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Health Outcomes

Workers with unstable schedules are more likely to experience negative health issues.

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Paid Leave Access

The availability of compensation for leave taken due to illness, family care, or vacation.

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Low-Wage Workers

Workers earning in the lowest quartile of wages, often lacking paid leave benefits.

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Paid Sick Leave

Compensation provided to workers when they are unable to work due to illness.

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Job Stability

The likelihood of remaining in the same job without disruptions like layoffs or resignations.

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Family Leave Consequences

Workers without paid family leave may quit jobs to care for family members.

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Gig Work

Work not paid through wages or contracts, often via apps.

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Self-Employment

Working for oneself instead of for an employer.

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Instability in Work Hours

Frequent changes in scheduled work hours.

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Psychological Distress

Emotional suffering or stress affecting mental health.

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Income Fluctuations

Variations in income over time, often causing financial difficulty.

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Low-Wage Jobs

Jobs that offer minimal pay and few benefits.

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Benefits from Employment

Additional perks such as paid leave and insurance provided by employers.

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Challenges of Gig Workers

Issues faced by gig workers including lack of benefits and unstable income.

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SNAP Worker Demographics

12% of SNAP participants work in transportation and material moving sectors.

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SNAP in Office Jobs

11% of SNAP participants are in office/administrative roles like clerks and representatives.

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SNAP Participation in Sales

36% of SNAP participants work in sales, finance, or related fields.

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Low-Wage Service Jobs

Over 60% of building maintenance and 80% of food service workers earn under $14.75/hour.

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SNAP as Income Supplement

SNAP helps workers with irregular hours or low income to buy food.

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Inadequate access to child care

A lack of sufficient options for quality child care among certain households.

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Unemployment Insurance

A program providing income to workers who become unemployed.

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Eligibility requirements

Criteria that determine who qualifies for unemployment insurance.

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Racial and ethnic disparities

Differences in access or success based on race or ethnicity.

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SNAP participants

Individuals who receive benefits from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.

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Hospitality sector

An industry that includes restaurants, hotels, and food services.

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Education level impact

Influence of a worker’s education on their eligibility for unemployment insurance.

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SNAP Worker Occupations

Common jobs include landscaping, janitorial, and customer service roles.

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Manufacturing SNAP Participants

About 9% of SNAP workers are in manufacturing fields.

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Construction Industry SNAP

7% of workers participating in SNAP are employed in construction.

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Service Occupations in SNAP

28% of SNAP workers are in service occupations, like aides and cooks.

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Professional Jobs in SNAP

14% of SNAP participants work in professional roles such as nurses and teachers.

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Transportation and Utilities in SNAP

7% of SNAP workers are employed in transportation and utility services.

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Common SNAP Occupations

Includes roles such as nurses, janitors, and cooks.

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Major Occupation Groups in SNAP

Two-thirds work in service, professional, and office support occupations.

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SNAP Overview

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program provides food assistance to low-income workers.

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SNAP Participation Rate

About 10% of all workers live in households that participated in SNAP.

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Common Low-Wage Occupations for SNAP

Fields like home health aides and agricultural graders have high SNAP participation rates.

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SNAP Support During Unemployment

Many workers use SNAP while looking for work or between jobs.

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SNAP in Service Occupations

28% of SNAP workers are employed in service roles like personal care.

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SNAP and Irregular Schedules

Workers in jobs with unstable hours often rely on SNAP for food assistance.

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Temporary SNAP Participation

Many participants only receive SNAP benefits part of the year when their income is lower.

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SNAP Demographics

Participants span various roles including transportation, sales, and professional jobs.

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SNAP Household Work Participation

89% of households with children and a working-age adult included at least one worker.

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SNAP Benefit Structure

SNAP benefits adjust with income, decreasing slowly as earnings rise, with a 20% deduction for expenses.

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Fluctuating Pay and SNAP

Workers with fluctuating pay can qualify for higher SNAP benefits during low-earning periods.

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Poverty Among Working Families

9-11% of working family heads lived in poverty in 2012, despite having jobs.

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Common Low-Wage Jobs Growth

Many low-wage occupations, like home health aides, are expected to grow significantly in the next decade.

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Characteristics of Low-Paying Jobs

Workers in low-paying jobs face challenges like inadequate hours, irregular schedules, and lack of benefits.

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SNAP Support for Caregivers

Many non-working SNAP participants report caregiving responsibilities or barriers like health issues.

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Impact of Job Conditions on SNAP

Conditions in low-paying jobs make SNAP critical for those with irregular hours and non-stable income.

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Gig Workers

Workers engaged in self-employment or gig work without steady contracts.

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Impact of Irregular Work Schedules

Unstable hours lead to issues like financial instability and poor health.

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Self-Employment Growth

There is an increase in workers opting for self-employment due to online platforms.

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Barriers to Benefits

Gig workers often lack access to paid leave and health benefits.

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Flexible Schedules

Some gig workers enjoy flexible hours, but it can lead to income insecurity.

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Income Fluctuations in Low-Wage Workers

Workers earning below $40,000 often struggle with fluctuating incomes.

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Effects of Job Loss on Low-Wage Workers

Low-wage workers losing jobs face severe financial hardship and less support.

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Unemployment Insurance Coverage

The rate at which unemployed workers receive income replacement.

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Job Security in Low-Paying Jobs

Lower job security and higher unemployment for low-paid workers.

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Eligibility Requirements for Unemployment Insurance

Criteria determining who can receive unemployment benefits.

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Racial Disparities in Unemployment Insurance

Inequalities faced by Black, Latinx, and women workers in accessing benefits.

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Education Level and Benefits

Workers with lower education are less likely to access unemployment benefits.

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SNAP and Hospitality Sector

Approximately 13% of SNAP participants work in hospitality like restaurants.

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Reasons for Low Participation in Unemployment Insurance

Low-paid workers often do not apply for unemployment benefits.

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SNAP and Low-Wage Jobs

Many workers in service occupations earn low wages, often participating in SNAP for food assistance.

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Transportation Workers in SNAP

12% of SNAP participants work in transportation or material moving jobs.

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Office Occupations in SNAP

11% of SNAP participants are in office and administrative support roles.

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SNAP for Irregular Hours

SNAP assists workers with fluctuating jobs and low income to afford food.

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Workers Below Minimum Wage

73% of service workers earn at or below the federal minimum wage.

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SNAP Participation in Professional Services

About 10% of SNAP workers are in professional and business services, mainly in building and landscaping services.

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SNAP in Construction

Around 7% of SNAP workers are employed in construction roles.

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Professional Occupations in SNAP

About 14% of SNAP participants hold professional jobs like teachers and nurses.

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Transportation Roles in SNAP

7% of SNAP participants are employed in transportation and utility sectors.

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Common SNAP Jobs

Common jobs for SNAP participants include landscaping, janitorial, and food service roles.

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Study Notes

SNAP and Low-Paying Jobs

  • SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, formerly food stamps) aids millions of workers by providing income to feed their families.
  • Approximately 15.7 million workers, or 10 percent of all workers, participated in SNAP in the past year.
  • Many workers in vital occupations (e.g., home health aides, school bus monitors) rely on SNAP to supplement low or fluctuating wages.
  • Common occupations of SNAP participants include service, professional, transportation, administrative support, and sales roles.
  • Many SNAP participants are working or seeking employment, using SNAP to bridge gaps between jobs or during periods of low earnings.
  • A significant portion of SNAP participants are in occupations with low pay.
  • One study estimated that 1 in 9 full-time workers were in jobs that did not meet their family's poverty line..
  • The number of low-paying jobs is anticipated to increase, with several occupations projected to experience high growth.

Low-Paying Jobs Characteristics

  • Low-paying jobs often have volatile earnings due to irregular schedules.
  • Many low-paying jobs lack benefits like paid sick leave and health insurance.
  • About 58 percent of low-wage workers have paid sick leave, compared to 80 percent overall.
  • Many low-paying jobs have unpredictable work schedules, impacting workers' ability to plan finances and manage childcare.
  • COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated hardship in low-wage industries and disproportionately affected women, people of color, and those without college degrees.
  • Many low-paying jobs do not provide paid sick leave and health insurance,
  • Workers in these occupations, especially women, people of color, and those without college degrees, are less likely to have access to unemployment insurance when faced with job loss

SNAP as a Support System

  • More than two-thirds of SNAP recipients are not anticipated to be in the labor force, because they are children, older adults, or have disabilities.
  • Many workers participate in SNAP temporarily, during periods of unemployment or low wages.
  • A significant percentage of working-age SNAP recipients are actively employed.
  • SNAP benefits respond to income instability among workers in low-wage jobs, helping to fill income gaps during unemployment or low earnings.
  • SNAP benefits decrease as earnings increase, assisting with the cost of maintaining work.

Quality of Low-Paying Jobs

  • Minimum wage increases are needed for lower-income workers.
  • Scheduling and leave legislation can improve worker stability and consistency.
  • Better enforcement of existing labor regulations would help workers obtain their due pay and benefits.
  • Stronger unemployment insurance programs are needed.
  • Access to affordable childcare is crucial for workers to maintain employment.
  • Targeted funding and support for low-wage workers' financial/economic well-being are needed.

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