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Questions and Answers
According to the covariation principle, when do we tend to attribute a behavior to a person?
According to the covariation principle, when do we tend to attribute a behavior to a person?
- When the behavior is exhibited in a particular circumstance
- When the behavior is exhibited by many others
- When the behavior is exhibited in many different circumstances
- When the behavior is exhibited by few others (correct)
What is the fundamental attribution error?
What is the fundamental attribution error?
- Attributing behavior to personal characteristics and situational factors equally
- Attributing behavior to situational factors while ignoring personal characteristics
- Attributing behavior to personal characteristics while ignoring situational factors (correct)
- Attributing behavior to external factors
How do counterfactual thoughts affect attribution?
How do counterfactual thoughts affect attribution?
- Counterfactual thoughts amplify joy but not pain
- Counterfactual thoughts have no impact on attribution
- Counterfactual thoughts amplify both joy and pain (correct)
- Counterfactual thoughts amplify pain but not joy
What do snap judgments refer to?
What do snap judgments refer to?
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Are agreed-upon snap judgments always accurate?
Are agreed-upon snap judgments always accurate?
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Study Notes
Covariation Principle
- Attribution of behavior to a person occurs when we notice that a behavior consistently co-varies with a specific factor, such as situational cues.
- When multiple causes are present, we assess their presence and absence across different situations to determine the source of behavior.
Fundamental Attribution Error
- This concept refers to the tendency to overemphasize personal characteristics and underestimate situational factors when explaining others' behaviors.
- It often leads to misinterpretations of people's actions by ignoring the context surrounding their behavior.
Counterfactual Thoughts and Attribution
- Counterfactual thinking involves imagining alternative outcomes to events that have already occurred, influencing how we attribute causes to behavior.
- These thoughts can lead us to assign blame or credit differently based on "what could have been," altering our perceptions of responsibility.
Snap Judgments
- Snap judgments refer to quick, automatic assessments made about people or situations, often based on minimal information.
- These judgments can be immediate and are influenced by personal biases and stereotypes, allowing for rapid decision-making.
Accuracy of Snap Judgments
- Agreed-upon snap judgments are not always accurate; consensus does not guarantee correctness.
- Social and cultural biases can lead to errors in these quick assessments, which may overlook individual nuances and context.
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