Smoking and Alcohol Health Risks

Which of the following health risks is NOT associated with smoking?

Which treatment for smoking cessation has contraindications related to epilepsy?

What complication related to smoking may lead to neonatal death?

Passive smoking is associated with which of the following conditions in children?

Which smoking cessation method is contraindicated in individuals with psychiatric illnesses?

What is a common effect of smoking on cardiovascular health?

Which of the following is a potential complication of smoking during pregnancy?

Which health issue is particularly linked to passive smoking in children?

What is a contraindication for using Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)?

Which of the following conditions does NOT have a known association with smoking?

Bupropion should be avoided in individuals with which of the following conditions?

Which long-term health risk is primarily associated with smoking?

Smoking

Risks:
- Cancer - 29% of cancer deaths (lung, lip, stomach, colon, bladder)
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Thrombosis
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), recurrent infections, exacerbations of asthma
- Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
- Dyspepsia, Gastric ulcers
- Osteoporosis
- Pregnancy problems — pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), intrauterine death (IUD), neonatal death
- Increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and lung cancer from passive smoking in children
In children: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), bronchitis, otitis media
Treatment:
- Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
  - Contraindications: post-myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), arrhythmia
- Varenicline
- Bupropion
  - Contraindications: psychiatric illness, eating disorders
- Hypnotherapy

Alcohol

Recommended levels:
- Men: <21 units/weekly
- Women: <14 units/weekly

Health Risk:

Death
- Social: family, work and money problems
- Mental: anxiety, depression, suicide, dementia
- Physical: cardiovascular disease (CVD), liver dysfunction, diabetes mellitus (DM)

Assessment

CAGE Questionnaire:
- Have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking?
- Do people annoy you by criticising your drinking?
- Do you feel guilty about your drinking?
- Do you have an ‘eye-opener’ first thing in the morning to steady the nerves, or get rid of the hangover?
Alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT)
- Risk factors
  - Family history (FHx)
  - Poor social support
  - Emotional, work, and financial problems
  - Drug misuse
- Examination:
  - Smell, tremor, slurred speech
- Investigations:
  - Full blood count (FBC)
  - Liver function tests (LFT)
  - Ultrasound (US) shows fatty liver/cirrhosis
- Management:
  - Non-dependent drinker: advice from GP
  - Dependent drinker: refer for support groups and/or detoxification support

This quiz explores the health risks associated with smoking and alcohol consumption, including various diseases and recommended consumption levels. Understand the impact of tobacco on both adults and children, as well as treatment options for quitting smoking. Test your knowledge on these important health topics!