Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Quiz
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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Quiz

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@ExhilaratingArgon

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is considered one drink equivalent?

  • 500 mL of beer
  • 100 mL of 40-proof distilled spirits
  • 45 mL of 80-proof distilled spirits (correct)
  • 200 mL of wine at 10% alcohol content

    • What is recommended as a first-line antihypertensive agent for most patients?

  • Nitrates
  • Calcium channel blockers (correct)
  • Diuretics
  • Beta-blockers

    • What is the approximate volume of wine that is equivalent to one drink?

  • 100 mL at 8% alcohol content
  • 75 mL at 6% alcohol content
  • 150 mL at 12% alcohol content (correct)
  • 200 mL at 15% alcohol content

    • What lifestyle modification is appropriate for patients with elevated BP?

    <p>Dietary changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is combination drug therapy recommended for hypertension treatment?

    <p>Stage 2 hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a first-line antihypertensive agent for most patients?

    <p>Beta-blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?

    <p>Improving cardiovascular mortality and morbidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does an ACEI have on bradykinin?

    <p>It enhances the BP-lowering effects of an ACEI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vasodilating substance is stimulated by the blockage of ACE by ACEIs?

    <p>Prostaglandin E2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect is associated with increased bradykinin levels due to ACEI therapy?

    <p>Dry cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition does ACEI therapy help prevent or regress left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)?

    <p>Coronary heart disease (CHD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient population would benefit from an ACEI regimen combined with a thiazide for recurrent stroke prevention?

    <p>Patients with diabetes and hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable difference between ARB therapy and ACEI therapy?

    <p>ARB therapy directly blocks the AT1 receptor, while ACEI therapy blocks the breakdown of bradykinin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of using both an ACEI and an ARB simultaneously?

    <p>Higher risk of renal dysfunction and hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the starting dose of ARB be reduced in some patients?

    <p>Due to risks of hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition would not be a contraindication for using ARB therapy?

    <p>Volume depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the combination of ACEI with ARB not recommended?

    <p>It has no additional CV event-lowering benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect is NOT associated with ARB therapy?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the initial drop in blood pressure seen when diuretics are first started?

    <p>Initial diuresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do diuretics need to be dosed in the morning if given once daily?

    <p>To minimize risk of nocturnal diuresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the chronic antihypertensive effects of diuretics?

    <p>Reduction in PVR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is rare with chronic use of thiazides, potassium-sparing diuretics, and aldosterone antagonists?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect is more pronounced with loop diuretics compared to thiazides?

    <p>Hypomagnesemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance may cause muscle fatigue or cramps?

    <p>Hypomagnesemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable side effect of dihydropyridines?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which non-dihydropyridine CCB is associated with constipation as a side effect?

    <p>Verapamil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is immediate-release nifedipine not recommended for the treatment of hypertension?

    <p>It results in flushing and peripheral edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is more common with all dihydropyridines compared to non-dihydropyridines?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cardiac conduction abnormalities can be caused by nondihydropyridine CCBs?

    <p>AV block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medications may have increased serum concentrations due to interactions with verapamil and diltiazem?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

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