10 Questions
What is the recommended maximum width for a weave bead?
2 ½ times diameter of the electrode
For which type of weld joint is a weave bead or multiple stringer beads recommended?
Wide groove weld joints
In which technique does the movement of the electrode involve side-to-side movement along the seam?
Weave bead
What is the recommended electrode travel angle for vertical progression welding when going up?
90 degrees
What is the recommended tilt for the electrode when running beads of weld metal on flat plates?
Perpendicular to the work
How do you establish an arc in the SMAW Process using the Scratch Start technique?
Scratch the electrode on the base metal and drag it across the workpiece.
What is the correct way to restart a weld in the SMAW Process?
Strike the arc, move the electrode to the crown of the crater, and resume forward travel.
What action should be taken if the electrode sticks to the workpiece during the SMAW Process?
Use a quick twist to free the electrode.
How does a large crater at the end of a weld affect the SMAW Process?
It can cause weld cracking.
What is the purpose of the 'TAP START TECHNIQUE' in the SMAW Process?
To tap the rod against the base metal and lift slightly to start the arc.
Study Notes
Electrode Movement During Welding
- A single stringer bead is sufficient for most narrow groove weld joints, but weave beads or multiple stringer beads are better suited for wide groove weld joints or bridging gaps.
Types of Weld Beads
- Stringer bead: steady movement along the seam
- Weave bead: side-to-side movement along the seam
- Weave patterns can be used to cover a wide area in one pass of the electrode
- Limit weave width to a maximum of 2 ½ times the diameter of the electrode
Weld Bead Techniques
- Stringer technique: drag or whip
- Weave technique: side-to-side movement
Welding Progression
- Up progression: deeper penetration, higher deposit rate, and a 90-degree travel angle or slightly up
- Down progression: faster, less penetration, less dilution, and a steep drag angle
Positioning the Electrode Holder
- Hold the electrode nearly perpendicular to the work, with a slight tilt ahead in the direction of travel
Striking an Arc
- Scratch start technique: scratch the electrode on the base metal like a match, then lift slightly
- Tap start technique: tap the rod against the base metal, then lift slightly to start the arc
Restarting a Bead
- Strike the arc, then move the electrode to the crown of the crater
- Resume forward travel
Filling the Crater
- Stay on the leading edge of the puddle
- Use a short pause or slight back step at the end of the weld to fill the crater
- Large craters can cause weld cracking
Learn about the techniques used to strike an arc in Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process, including Scratch Start and Tap Start methods. Understand the steps involved in initiating the arc and troubleshooting common issues during the process.
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