Smart Systems, Products and Applications

Smart Systems

• Smart systems consist of intelligence, connectivity and perception characteristics.
• Intelligence involves analyzing situations and making decisions based on available data for smart actions.
• Connectivity is the communication between smart systems, the cloud, or cloud services.
• Perception is based on sensing, actuation, and sensor fusion.

Smart Products & Services

• Smart products and services encompass applications, networks, and perception layers to create a connected user experience.

Smart Systems: Areas of Application

• Application areas for smart systems include:
  • Smart homes
  • Smart cities
  • Wearables
  • Connected healthcare
  • IIoT
  • Smart grids
  • Connected cars
  • Smart retail
  • Smart farming

Smart Product Capabilities

• Smart products have different levels of capabilities, such as:
  • Monitoring: Sensors are used to monitor the condition of a product.
  • Control: A microprocessor and software enables product control, possible via the cloud.
  • Optimisation: Algorithms improve performance; preventative maintenance.
  • Autonomy: Features self-coordination and self-diagnosis.

Connectivity

• Connectivity is a key aspect of smart systems

Agenda Topics

• IoT
• IoT Protocols (fundamental networking, Data-Link Layer, Application Layer)
• MQTT
• Node-Red
• IoT Traffic Light

IoT & Smart Products History

• 1982: The term "Smart Home" is used for the first time.
• 1984: Carnegie Mellon connects a soda machine to the internet.
• 1990: Nokia launches the first phone with internet.
• 1996: John Romkey demonstrates a first controlled toaster on the internet.
• 1999: LG launches a refrigerator connected to the internet.
• 2000: The term WiFi is used the first time.
• 2002: The Vitatron C-Series is launched.
• 2003: Nokia introduces the Bluetooth headset.
• 2007: The term Internet of Things is used the first time at MIT by Kevin Ashton, and Apple launches the first iPhone.
• 2008: Fitbit launches the Fitbit Ultra.
• 2009: Various mobile smart home control applications appear.
• 2010: Google tests self-driving cars.
• 2012: Google launches Google glasses. The first smartwatch appears.
• 2013: Amazon launches Echo.
• 2014: 5 billion devices are connected to the internet worldwide.
• 2015: Amazon launches Echo,
• 2016: Barclay introduces BPay
• 2019: 5G technology is launched.

IoT & IIoT

• IoT (Internet of Things) describes physical objects with sensors, processing ability, software, that connect and exchange data with other devices/systems over the internet.
• IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) refers to interconnected sensors, instruments, and other devices networked together with computers' industrial applications for data collection, exchange, and analysis.

Consumer IoT vs Industrial IoT

• Common applications: mobile apps, wearables, and appliances to PLC/HMI dashboards, maintenance and fleet management.
• Connected by connectivity, it balances connectivity for applications that ensure functionality.

Industrial IoT (IIoT) Functions

• Marketing/Sales aspects focuses on insights, flexible billing and new value-added services.
• Product Development emphasizes product usage and quality analysis, software management, and application development.
• Operations/Manufacturing involves asset material tracking, performance indicators (OEE), and real-time asset health monitoring.
• Service/Support focuses on monitoring, diagnostics, remote assistance, automated services, and predictive maintenance.
• Information/Operational Technology focuses on flexible connectivity, identity/security management, data integration, and automated analytics.

Industry 4.0

• Industry 4.0 represents the ongoing automation of industrial practices using modern smart technology.
• Large-scale machine-to-machine communication and IoT are integrated for increased automation, improved communication, self-monitoring, and the creation of smart machines able to analyze and address issues without human intervention.

IoT Landscape

• IoT Landscape involves different types of Technologies like; cloud computing, sensors, AI connectivity, Industrial Ethernet etc but mainly focuses on connectivity solutions

Agenda

• The lecture agenda covers IoT, IoT Protocols, MQTT, Node-Red, and IoT Traffic Light.

Smart Systems Architecture

• Smart Systems are structured with Application, Network, and Perception Layers, enabling connected and intelligent operations.

Connectivity: Big Picture

• Connectivity big players include; PAN, LAN, MAN, and WAN. Wifi, IpvP4 and IpvP6, Zigbee, Bluetooth etc, the LTE Advanced cellular

IoT Protocols

• The Layers include application, network and perception.
• IoT Protocols MQTT, COAP, XMPP, DSS, AMQP, Ethernet, WiFi, ZigBee, Z-Wave, Sigfox, NB-IoT, LoRa, RFID, NFC are the layers that provide the functions.

Network Layer

• Provides node-to-node data transfer.
• Detects and corrects errors in the physical layer.
• Defines the protocol for connections and flow control.
• Includes technologies like Ethernet, Wifi, Zigbee, among others.

Wireless Communication Range vs Power

• WiFi range: 30-100 m and High power.
• ZigBee range: 10-20m and Low power.
• Bluetooth range: 10 m and Medium power.
• NFC range: Up to 0.1 m, with Low power.

IoT Protocols

• Application Layer:
  • Responsible for collecting data into collection architecture, connecting devices, storing data.
  • Protocols such as MQTT, COAP, XMPP, DSS, AMQP.

Application Layer

• Responsible for; Pulling data, Connecting devices, Delivering smart services, Has protocols including MQTT, COAP, XMPP, DSS, AMQP

Industry 4.0 Protocols

• OPC UA, PROFINET, ETHERNET/IP, Modbus

Challenges for IoT Connectivity

• Unreliable networks
• Constrained device resources affect security and communication.
• Scalability with difference deploying large amounts of devices
• Security due to Quality softwares.

Requirements to an IoT Protocol

• Bandwidth efficient
• Standardised
• Scalable
• Data-agnostic
• Open
• Suitable for restricted and hardware environments.

Application Layer

• Provides many functions including, pulling data, connect devices, store and filter data, Smart Services.
• Requires multiple Protocols like MQTT, COAP, etc
• Large are of competition, need wide technology

Agenda

• Covers IoT, IoT Protocols, MQTT, Node-Red, and IoT Traffic Light.

MQTT - Takeaways

• Understand the fundamentals of the MQTT protocol.
• Be able to connect to different brokers.
• Be able to send and receive information using MQTT Explorer and Python for communication between clients in the IoT.

HTTP

• It is very common in many situations.
• Request / Response
• Since 1991 to present, it is wide spread
• Document-centred

Why Not Always HTTP

• High overhead
• Pulling instead of push
• Stateless
• No Quality of Service
• It is difficult to find out if a connection has been lost.

REST/HTTP

• It is Stateless
• Runs on TCP (connection oriented protocol)
• TCP connection is terminated after request response.

MQTT vs REST/HTTP

• MQTT: Publish/subscribe model with data driven and client-server connection that connects with a permanent connection
• MQTT: Has 3 levels of QoS, Energy saving and uses smaller volumes of data.
• REST/HTTP: Request-response protocol with text driven server connections with verifications with High Energy Usage and Data

MQTT – one of the main IoT protocols

• MQTT stands for MQ Telemetry Transport (previously Message Queuing Telemetry Transport).
• It is lightweight publish/subscribe messaging protocol designed for M2M telemetry in low bandwidth environments.
• Designed by Andy Stanford-Clark (IBM) and Arlen Nipper in 1999 for connecting Oil Pipeline telemetry systems over satellite.

MQTT Features

• Scalable, Publish-Subscribe Model with three Quality of Service levels for Bidirectional communications

Why MQTT

• It's one of the Most Prominent IoT protocols with Push function and reliable in unstable networks.
• It is also Operational at low bandwidth and constraints.

MQTT Jargon overview:

• The Client sends and receives messages from devices that either give the desired response or not
• MQTT is defined by publishing certain data sets that meet quality service.

Confused? Lets Try Exercise

• To install a practical exercise you need to install MQTTX and follow next steps

Exercise

• You should connect with MQTTX to a broker.
• Followed by you have to chose channel IPE/SmSy to communicate

Exercise MQTTX

• Publish And Subscribe on topic IPE/SmSy channel. Need Add a subscriber to IP
• You have to enter your message and hit send button to receive.

MQTT Publish/subscribe Example

• The most used case for UML
• Is to know when or how a function triggers when object communicate with each other

MQTT Connect

• Followed by Testment Example with thermometr.

MQTT

• When Qos 0. Only the message count one time in a scerario
• Qos 1 . Makes sure the device can communicate by re triggering to receive message
• Qos 2 . Message has been send with notification

Wireless Device

• A publisher can only post a message into on topic with certain rules.

Assumed folder structure

• Will be house with following details , example Living Room

What Is NODE-RED

• The Node-Red software is designed and for back end and front-end services. So users are able to design certain applications

The Structure of Node-Red

• Node-Red structure is very simple and is more based and drag and drop features.
• Its very simply because its a node drag, its free to use and its open systems

A quick way to know the function for the traffic light , when you get started

• The goal is to have a traffic code you know that you understand or have to use the functions after. Followed by the steps if that occurs.

Using Functions

• To do that , you want to first have installed the Paho software on Python. Where you can code on the cloud or Desktop

Setting up the Traffic Lights

• You would use Jupiter to setup the traffic lights

Node Red is used to be able to complete task

• Node Red can simply allow or make process occur. Its very important due that function or ability to start code.

Creating Wireless Connections

• Use a local network the wifi settings on Desktop

What is important to keep in mind for settings

• Check to see the configurations
• Wireless connection will work.

How To Connect the Program

• To show traffic connections you have to follow that setting