Smart Grid Networks and Development

• The presentation is about smart grids.
• It covers smart grid networks and development.

Session Content

• Definition and elements of smart grids
• Objectives, benefits, changes, and barriers of smart grids
• Smart grid roadmap, future, and projects

Smart Grid Definitions

• The European Commission defines smart grids as: an improved electricity grid with a bi-directional digital communication system between provider and consumer plus intelligent control and measurement systems
• The EU working Group on smart grids states a smart grid integrates the actions of all users connected, such as generation, consumers, and agents, to provide efficient, sustainable and safe electricity systems with few losses and high quality, guaranteed supply and high security.
• More Smart Grid UE Definitions
• A smart grid manages complexity efficiently and effectively.
• Innovation in products and services, monitoring, control, and communication enables:
  • Facilitating the connection and operation of all sizes and technologies of generating plants
  • Allowing consumers to participate in optimizing system operation
  • Providing consumes more information and options on how they use their supply
  • Significantly reduce the environmental impact of electrical systems
  • Maintaining or improving current levels of supply reliability, quality, and security
  • Maintaining and improving current services efficiently
• EPRI Definition
  • Makes use of communications, computing & power electronics to create a system that is:
    • Self-Healing and Adaptive
    • Interactive with consumers and markets
    • Optimized to make best use of resources and equipment
    • Predictive rather than reactive, to prevent emergencies
    • Distributed across geographical and organizational boundaries
    • Integrated, merging, control, monitoring, protection, maintenance, EMS, DMS, marketing, and IT
    • More Secure from attack

Conceptual Model of Smart Grid

• Includes energy distribution, communications, and IT/computers.

Point of View

• Distribution emphasizes operational control, measure, protection, record, and optimize.
• Focuses on thermal storage, automation, solar generation, and customer use.

Smart Grid Elements

• Key components include smart meters, communication technology, smart homes, and virtual power plants.

Domains Forming a Smart Grid

• Domains include application, grid, and devices.

Basic Smart Grid Systems

• Electrical infrastructure consists of lines, substations, transformation centers, plus measurement devices, and protections.
• Information and communication technologies include monitoring, control, supervision, and asset management.
• Power electronics include HVDC and FACTS/FACDS
• Distributed Energy Resources (DER) include distributed generation, microgrids, virtual power plants (VPP), storage, and active demand management with electric vehicles.

Smart Grid Key Areas

• Key areas of the smart grid include generation, transport, distribution, and clientele.

Smart Grid Objectives

• Needed for electrical grids and users
• Electrical grids need decarbonization of the energy system and promotion of the use of renewable in a liberalized environment
  • Global efficiency increase
  • Diminishing losses in the grid
  • Greater use of existing infrastructures
• Users require optimization of energy consumption and improvement in the security and quality of supply
  • Own generation
  • Management of supply
• Factors for the need of a smart, intelligent grid
  • The aging of the electric systems
  • Electric sector liberalization
  • Increase in energy demand
  • Reduce costs
  • Integrate intermittent sources of energy
  • Increased efficiency
  • Better reliability of supply
  • Integrate these new types of consumption
    • Electric vehicles
    • Intelligent buildings
    • Microgrids and distributed generation
• Smart grids are needed for electrical grids and smart settlements

Smart Grid Network Exploitation

• Provides security and quality, plus continuous operation
• Key Components Include:
  • Monitoring, control, surveillance
  • Protections and technologies of the information and communication automation
• Smart city factors:
  • Society urbanization
    • More than 50% of population lives in cities
    • 75% of energy consumed in cities
    • 80% of carbon emissions are produced in cities
  • Needs of urban areas:
    • Sustainable energy
    • Efficient mobility
    • Efficient water and waste
    • Security
    • Air quality
  • Smart settlements need to be interconnected intelligently

Smart Grid Consumption Figures

• Edifices: 41%
• Industry: 31%
• Mobility: 28%
• Carbon Emissions Figures:
  • Agriculture/residues: 18%
  • Agriculture/residues: 18%
  • Industry(primary): 22%
  • Industry (final): 11%
  • Edifices (final): 13%
  • Edifices (primary): 8%
  • Transport: 14%

Smart Grids and Supplies

• Provides zero net energy concept.
• Enables supervision, control, vehicles, generation, storage, and demand management.

Efficient Mobility in Smart Grids

• Reduces traffic and CO2 emissions, increasing service fluency.
• Supports transport across cities with electric mobility, traffic, and parking management.

Smart Grid Water Management

• Reduces water use and flood incidents, reducing waste and related emissions.
• Achieved with automated monitoring and pneumatic, electric waste collection.

Key Smart Grid Objectives

• Key objectives are to permit network integration with new properties.
• Improves operational effectiveness and secures network control, system quality, and supply

Smart Grid Functionality

• Allows data to be modeled with an active distribution methodology, increasing control over active and reactive power

Smart Grid Enhancement

• Enhances market functions and customer service with trusted data exchanges, encouraging responsible data usage and facilitating active demand management.

Smart Grid Benefits

• Improve reliability and security, optimize asset use, and avoid extra power generation.
• Reduces low value tasks, and focus on high value work, expanding electrical capacity and efficiency.
• Enables predictive maintenance with quick power restitution and self-repair
• Automates operating with reduced costs, facilitates the installation of renewables, reduces derivatives fuel consumption, and provides electric vehicular transition with energy storage, increasing consumer decisions.

Smart Grid Changes

• Planning has moved from conventional and centralized to decentralized microgrids.
• Demand is now based on new criteria with active flows, with automated isolation.

Smart Grid Components

• Smart grid components integrate with existing systems

Smart Grid Comparison

• The smart grid uses digital equipment as opposed to electromechanical equipment, and bidirectional communication instead of unidirectional.
• Smart grid also features distributed generation, network structuring, sensors, automation, data correlation, and auto-repair.
• Exhaustive, distributed control and enhances customer decision-making.

Smart Grid Barriers

• Barriers include the technologies and profitability of investment and operation costs, plus quantification issues.
• Regulatory wise, technical limitations with confidentiality regarding data privacy

Smart Grid Roadmap

• Requirements include a standardized vision, objective, implementable strategy, pilots, studies, and standards
• Smart grids depend on standards and interoperability for integrating all components.

Roadmap

Smart Grid Perspectives

• Evolution of the micro network
• Benefits of smart grids

Smart Grid Projects

• Microgrid DER IREC created services around generation and vehicular electrics
• Gotland tests microgrids, with the aim to test construction and provide better models
• Low Carbon Hub optimizes Lincolnshire with renewable power optimization.