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Questions and Answers
What is responsible for the bulk movement of electricity energy from a generating site?
What is responsible for the bulk movement of electricity energy from a generating site?
Which act aimed to restructure the electric power industry in the Philippines by privatizing generation, transmission, distribution, and supply?
Which act aimed to restructure the electric power industry in the Philippines by privatizing generation, transmission, distribution, and supply?
What is responsible for maintaining and managing the power transmission system across the country?
What is responsible for maintaining and managing the power transmission system across the country?
Which type of dialogue involves localized power generation?
Which type of dialogue involves localized power generation?
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What are the three main components of the Electric Grid?
What are the three main components of the Electric Grid?
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Which entity ensures that the country's transmission assets are in optimal condition to convey safe and reliable electricity?
Which entity ensures that the country's transmission assets are in optimal condition to convey safe and reliable electricity?
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What is the purpose of Republic Act (RA) 11361/Anti-Obstruction of Power Lines Act?
What is the purpose of Republic Act (RA) 11361/Anti-Obstruction of Power Lines Act?
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What is the penalty specified in Republic Act (RA) 7832/Anti-Pilferage Act of 1994 for removing electric power transmission line material?
What is the penalty specified in Republic Act (RA) 7832/Anti-Pilferage Act of 1994 for removing electric power transmission line material?
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Which types of systems are considered part of the electric power distribution system according to the text?
Which types of systems are considered part of the electric power distribution system according to the text?
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What are the types of connections mentioned in the distribution system according to the text?
What are the types of connections mentioned in the distribution system according to the text?
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Which of the following is considered a type of construction in the distribution system according to the text?
Which of the following is considered a type of construction in the distribution system according to the text?
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What is meant by the term 'Primary Distribution System' as per the content provided?
What is meant by the term 'Primary Distribution System' as per the content provided?
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What type of distribution system operates at voltages somewhat higher than general utilization?
What type of distribution system operates at voltages somewhat higher than general utilization?
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Where are the conductors placed in the Underground Distribution System?
Where are the conductors placed in the Underground Distribution System?
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What is the instrument used by utility companies to measure and record electrical energy consumed?
What is the instrument used by utility companies to measure and record electrical energy consumed?
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Which component in an electrical system is designed to carry electricity but not use it?
Which component in an electrical system is designed to carry electricity but not use it?
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What do Fuses and Circuit Breakers serve as in an electrical system?
What do Fuses and Circuit Breakers serve as in an electrical system?
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What is the purpose of a Circuit Breaker in an electrical system?
What is the purpose of a Circuit Breaker in an electrical system?
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What is the term for the ability to distinguish fine details?
What is the term for the ability to distinguish fine details?
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Which term describes the measure of the perceived power of light expressed in lumens?
Which term describes the measure of the perceived power of light expressed in lumens?
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What is the measure of the radiant power emitted by an object in a given direction?
What is the measure of the radiant power emitted by an object in a given direction?
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Which term describes a device that generates light?
Which term describes a device that generates light?
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What is the formula for Lumens per Watt (LPW)?
What is the formula for Lumens per Watt (LPW)?
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How is color temperature defined in relation to light bulbs?
How is color temperature defined in relation to light bulbs?
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What is the purpose of a dimmer switch in an electrical circuit?
What is the purpose of a dimmer switch in an electrical circuit?
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Which device is used to control the time period that a piece of equipment or a lighting installation operates?
Which device is used to control the time period that a piece of equipment or a lighting installation operates?
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What type of switch has one common input and two outputs, suitable for ON-ON or ON-OFF-ON applications?
What type of switch has one common input and two outputs, suitable for ON-ON or ON-OFF-ON applications?
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What is the function of an automatic switch in an electrical circuit?
What is the function of an automatic switch in an electrical circuit?
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Which device can be used to control a lighting or equipment installation by sensing occupants in a space?
Which device can be used to control a lighting or equipment installation by sensing occupants in a space?
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In an electrical circuit, what is the purpose of a plug?
In an electrical circuit, what is the purpose of a plug?
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Study Notes
Electric Grid
- Electric grid is the network through which power is generated, transmitted, and distributed.
- Components of electric grid: Generation, Transmission/Distribution, Consumption
Key Components of Electric Grid
- Generating Plants: produce electricity
- Transmission Lines: high-voltage lines that carry electricity from power plant to substation
- Substations: step up or step down voltage to match transmission and distribution requirements
- Distribution Lines: low-voltage lines that carry electricity from substations to end-users for residential and commercial use
Types of Electric Grid
- One-way dialogue: Localized Power Generation
- Two-way dialogue: Smart Grid
Electric Power Industry in the Philippines
- Three grids: Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao
- Examples of transmission lines in the Philippines: 500kV, 350 kV, 230kV, 138kV, 115kV, 69kV
- Republic Act No. 9136/Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA) Law: sought to restructure the electric power industry by privatizing the generation, transmission, distribution, and supply of power sector
National Transmission Corporation (TRANSCO) and National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP)
- TRANSCO: maintains and manages the entire power transmission system that connects the different power plants to the electric distribution utilities across the country
- NGCP: ensures that the country's transmission assets are in optimal condition to convey safe, quality, and reliable electricity
Distribution System
- Part of an electric system after the transmission system that is dedicated to delivering electric energy to an end-user
- Types of Electric Power Distribution Systems:
- According to the nature of the supply: AC Distribution system, DC Distribution system
- According to a type of connection: Radial system, Ring system, Interconnected system
- According to a type of construction: Overhead system, Underground system
AC Distribution System
- Primary Distribution System: operates at voltages somewhat higher than general utilization and handles large blocks of electrical energy than the average low-voltage consumer uses
- Secondary Distribution System: includes the range of voltages at which the ultimate consumer utilizes the electrical energy delivered to him
Overhead and Underground Distribution Systems
- Overhead distribution System: conductors are mounted on wooden, concrete, or steel poles
- Underground distribution System: conductors are placed under the surface of streets or sidewalks
- Two methods of installing underground distribution systems: Duct System, Direct Burial System
Electric Meter and Panel Board
- Electric Meter: an instrument used by the utility company to measure and record electrical energy consumed
- Panel Board: a device that consists of a sheet metal box, called a cabinet, and a cover that encloses and conceals the panelboard interior to limit access to power distribution components
Overcurrent Protection
- Fuses: work as a piece of metal that melts down when overheated
- Circuit Breakers: work by operating a switching mechanism when an overflow of electricity is detected
Lighting and Electrical Devices
- Lamp: a device that generates light (source)
- Bulb: the glass portion of a lamp that encloses and protects the working parts of the light source
- Luminaire: a complete lighting unit, which consists of a lamp (or lamps), lamp socket(s), any lenses, refractors, or louvers, any ballast (or ballasts), and the housing
- Light fixture: includes the structural parts of a luminaire including any lenses, mounting supports, wiring, and ballasts, but does not include the lamps
Lighting Measurements
- Luminous flux: the measure of the perceived power of light expressed in lumens (lm)
- Lumens: measure of the total amount of visible light (to the human eye) from a lamp or light source
- Luminous intensity: measure of the radiant power emitted by an object in a given direction and is dependent on the wavelength of light being emitted
- Candela: a measure of power emitted from a light source
- Luminous efficacy: formula of LPW (Lumens per watt)
- Color temperature: way to describe the light appearance provided by a light bulb
- Color Rendering Index (CRI): a measurement of how natural colors render under an artificial white light source when compared with sunlight
Electrical Devices
- Outlet: the location in a branch circuit where electricity is used
- Receptacle: a female connecting device with slotted contacts
- Plug: a male connecting device that has two or more prongs that are inserted into a receptacle to connect to an electrical circuit
- Switches: a device placed between two or more electrical conductors in a circuit to safely and intentionally open or close the circuit or to redirect the path of current in a circuit
- Types of switches:
- Single-Pole Single-Throw SPST
- Single-Pole Double-Throw SPDT
- Double-Pole Single-Throw DPST
- Double-Pole Double-Throw DPDT
- Automatic switches: deactivate a circuit after a preset time period has lapsed
- Dimmer switch (SD): a device in the electrical circuit for varying power to a circuit
- Time clocks: can be used to control the time period that a piece of equipment or a lighting installation operates
- Photocell: controls sense light and open or close a circuit with the presence of light
- Occupancy sensors: control a lighting or equipment installation by sensing occupants in a space
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Description
Test your knowledge on the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity through the electric grid. Explore components like generating plants, transmission lines, substations, and more. Identify concepts like one-way dialogue and two-way dialogue in power systems.
