Small Water Systems: Disinfection

______ is physically removing the organism, such as through filtration or settling

Disinfection can either destroy the cell walls of the organism or affect the genetic material to prevent ______

Both log inactivation and % reduction are commonly used with respect to ______

______ disinfection inactivates and removes pathogens like viruses, bacteria, and protozoa

Secondary disinfection ensures a disinfectant residual throughout the distribution system to protect water from ______

Percent Reduction (%) = (A - B) / A x 100. If A = 134,567 and B = 35,693, what is the Percent Reduction?

What is the percent reduction if the log inactivation is 2?

In O.Reg. 170 schedules 1 and 2, what is the percentage of removal for a log inactivation of 4?

Log inactivation is done to the base of

The formula for log reduction is log(______/B). What is the blank in the formula?

The conversion of log reduction to percent reduction involves taking the antilog. What is the term for the antilog?

Treatment requirements for drinking-water systems are outlined in O.Reg. 170 schedules 1 and 2. What is outlined in these schedules?

The formula to convert log reduction to percent reduction is Percent Reduction (%) = 1 - 10#______ × 100

In log inactivation, the count of 9s corresponds to a percent reduction of ______

For treated water target of no more than one Giardia cyst per 100,000L of water, a reduction of ______ is required

The Log Removal Credit for Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Diatomaceous Earth Filtration is ______

The Log Removal Credit for Viruses in Slow Sand Filtration is ______

Secondary disinfection ensures a residual disinfectant throughout the distribution system to protect water from microbiological recontamination, the residual chlorine level should not be less than 0.05 milligrams per litre for chlorination and not less than 0.25 milligrams per litre for chloramination, ensuring ______ chlorine residual

Chlorine deactivates microorganisms by causing cell damage, altering cell permeability, altering cell protoplasm, and inhibiting ______

Chlorine Dioxide is a reddish to yellowish-green gas produced on site from sodium chlorate or sodium chlorite, and it is used for effective ______

Chlorine Dosage is the amount of chlorine added and is calculated as Chlorine dosage = Cl demand + Total Cl Residual, measured in milligrams per liter (mg/L) of ______

Free Chlorine is the chlorine available for disinfection, with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) being a more powerful disinfectant than hypochlorite ion (OCl-), ideal pH range for HOCl formation is ______ - 7