Small Intestine Epithelium Quiz

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the function of segmental contractions in the small intestine?

Advancing luminal contents through the small intestine

Promoting the formation of chyme

Mixing luminal contents with secretions to enhance digestion (correct)

Relaxing circular muscles for absorption

Where is the ileum located in relation to the jejunum?

The ileum is distal to the jejunum (correct)

The ileum is anterior to the jejunum

The ileum is proximal to the jejunum

The ileum is superior to the jejunum

What suspends the jejunum and ileum in the peritoneal cavity?

Lesser omentum

Omentum

Mesentery (correct)

Greater omentum

How does motility in the small intestine help with digestion?

By mixing luminal contents Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the small intestine begins the intestinal phase of digestion?

Jejunum Signup and view all the answers

What kind of contractions propel intestinal contents forward in the small intestine?

Segmental and peristaltic contractions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of goblet cells in the small intestine?

Secrete mucus for lubrication and protection Signup and view all the answers

Where are Brunner's glands located?

Between the pylorus of the stomach and the ampulla of Vater Signup and view all the answers

Which enzymes found in enterocytes are responsible for splitting disaccharides into monosaccharides?

Sucrase, maltase, isomaltase, and lactase Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates secretion by Brunner's glands?

Vagal stimulation Signup and view all the answers

When a polymer such as protein is digested into its constituent monomers by pancreatic enzymes before absorption, what kind of substance is formed?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mucus secreted by Brunner's glands?

To protect the duodenal wall from acidic gastric juice Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of intestinal lipase in digestion and absorption?

Splitting neutral fats into glycerol and fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for reabsorbing water and electrolytes in the small intestine?

Enterocytes over villi surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is responsible for splitting small peptides into amino acids within enterocytes?

Peptidases Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as membrane digestion in the small intestine?

Digestion by brush border enzymes Signup and view all the answers

How are oligomers like sucrose digested before absorption according to the text?

By brush-border enzymes Signup and view all the answers

In the context of digestion and absorption, what happens to an oligomer like oligopeptide inside the cell?

It is broken down into monomers inside the cell Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial that the stomach allows only small amounts of fat into the intestine at one time?

To ensure proper absorption of fat due to its slower digestion process. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of incretin hormones GIP and GLP-1 during meal consumption?

Slow down the entry of food into the intestine. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the sensors in the intestine wall are stimulated by high osmolarity?

They inhibit gastric emptying. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

To absorb water and electrolytes from chyme. Signup and view all the answers

How much unabsorbed chyme remains by the end of the ileum?

1.5 liters Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of forming and storing feces in the large intestine?

To eliminate waste products from the body. Signup and view all the answers

Where do most nutrients absorbed across the intestinal epithelium move into for distribution through the circulatory system?

Capillaries in the villi Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of stem cells in the crypts of Lieberkühn in the small intestine?

Produce new epithelial cells to replace damaged ones Signup and view all the answers

Where does most fluid secretion occur in the small intestine?

Intestinal crypts Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the small intestine increases the effective surface area for absorption?

Villi and crypts Signup and view all the answers

Where do digested fats primarily pass into after absorption in the small intestine?

Lacteals of the lymphatic system Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells contain a variety of enzymes like cytochrome P450 isozymes that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics?

Hepatocytes Signup and view all the answers