Small Bowel Transplantation Operation

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What type of graft does not require immunosuppression?

Autograft (correct)

Allograft

Xenograft

Isograft

Which type of graft requires immunosuppression for transplantation between genetically nonidentical individuals of the same species?

Xenograft

Allograft (correct)

Isograft

Autograft

Where do B cells arise and partially mature?

Lymph nodes

Thymus

Spleen

Bone marrow (correct)

What is responsible for cell-mediated immunity and facilitating B-cell response?

T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which lymphocytes are broadly classified as CD4 + or CD8 +?

T cells Signup and view all the answers

What have been termed as helper cells among lymphocytes?

B cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells affect the T-cell response?

Plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

Which group of genes code for proteins found on the surfaces of cells that help the immune system recognize foreign substances?

HLA system Signup and view all the answers

Which type of rejection is mediated by preformed antibodies against donor antigen and occurs within minutes to hours after organ reperfusion?

Hyperacute rejection Signup and view all the answers

Which immunosuppressive agent works principally to block T cell and cytokine-receptor expression?

Corticosteroids Signup and view all the answers

Which immunosuppressive agent is a macrolide antibiotic that works in a mechanism similar to that of cyclosporine to prevent allograft rejection?

Calcineurin inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Which monoclonal antibody is the first type of murine monoclonal antibody used as an antigen-specific immunosuppressant?

Muromonab-CD3 Signup and view all the answers

Which postoperative complication of liver transplantation involves primary nonfunction of the liver?

Primary nonfunction of the liver Signup and view all the answers

What determines the priority on the waiting list for liver transplantation?

MELD score Signup and view all the answers

What is the 5-year patient survival rate for the population mentioned?

75% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of minimal access surgery?

To reduce wound access trauma and operative precision Signup and view all the answers

What are the core principles of minimal access surgery represented by the acronym I-VITROS?

Insufflate, Visualize, Identify, Triangulate, Retract, Operate, Seal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a minimal access approach mentioned in the text?

Open surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential limitation of minimal access surgery mentioned in the text?

Loss of tactile feedback and lack of 3D vision Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for minimal access surgery?

Previous abdominal surgeries Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the postoperative complications mentioned in the text?

Nausea Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a primary trocar in laparoscopic surgery?

To insert laparoscopic instruments Signup and view all the answers

Which category of robotic surgical systems allows human operators to control remote robots through a communication network?

Teleoperated (master–slave) systems Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of robotic surgery mentioned in the text?

Accidental burn injuries Signup and view all the answers

Which field of surgery is mentioned as less useful for robotic surgery?

General surgery Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of laparoscopic surgery mentioned in the text?

Better perception of anatomy as image is often magnified Signup and view all the answers

Which instruments are mentioned as basic laparoscopic instruments in the text?

Trocars and devices for haemostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is used to identify and open the junction of the umbilicus and linea alba in the text?

Curved haemostat Signup and view all the answers

Which book is cited in the text as a reference for surgery?

Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery - 28th Edition Signup and view all the answers