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Why should students be taught lower case letters before upper case letters?
Because the majority of letters in words are lower case letters, enabling students to decode many words.
What is a regular word?
A regular word is one in which each letter represents its most common sound.
What do the students do when sounding out a word?
Students sound out words by saying the sound represented by each letter and then translate the blended sounds into a word at a normal rate.
Why would students be taught to read words like mad, fit, and sat before words like tip, cat, and hot?
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What is phonological awareness?
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What is phonemic awareness?
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What does phonemic awareness instruction teach?
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What does phonics instruction teach?
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Define graphemes and phonemes.
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What is the 'alphabetic principle'?
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What is a continuous sound? What is a stop sound?
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What is the difference between regular words and irregular (exception) words?
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Give an example of each of the following: consonant blend, consonant digraph, diphthong.
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What is the difference between sounding out and sight word reading?
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In the word abnormal, normal is a ________ which means typical.
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The syllable approach for advanced word reading is most appropriate for students who:
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What are the 5 big ideas of reading?
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What is onset and rime?
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What are the phonological awareness steps?
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What is a diphthong?
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What are the stages of reading?
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Readers are fluent in which stages?
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What is an emergent reader?
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What is a beginning reader?
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What is a transitional reader?
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What is an intermediate reader?
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What is an advanced reader?
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What is emergent literacy?
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Level one of phonological awareness includes:
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Level two of phonological awareness includes:
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Level three of phonological awareness includes:
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What are voiced sounds?
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What happens in the Pre-alphabetic phase?
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What happens in the Partial-alphabetic phase?
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What happens in the Full-alphabetic phase?
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What happens in the Consolidated-alphabetic phase?
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What are the 4 stages of Ehri's model of reading development?
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What are the three approaches to teaching phonics instruction?
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What is embedded phonics instruction?
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What is analytic phonics instruction?
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What is synthetic phonics instruction?
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What are the goals of phonics instruction?
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What is a syllable?
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What is a morpheme?
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What are base words?
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What are roots?
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What are affixes?
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What are the two approaches to teaching advanced word reading skills?
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What is the importance of identifying non-decodable words?
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How can you indicate why a student cannot decode a word?
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How do we support students' transition to the Consolidated-alphabetic phase?
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How do we help students transition to Partial-alphabetic phase?
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How do we help students transition to Full-alphabetic phase?
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How do we support students' transition to Consolidated-alphabetic phase?
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Study Notes
Teaching Lower Case Letters
- Teaching lower case letters enables decoding of a majority of words, while upper case letters have limited utility for decoding.
Regular Words
- A regular word is defined as a word where each letter represents its most common sound, e.g., "cat" and "mud."
Sounding Out Words
- Students pronounce the sound of each letter and blend them to form words spoken at a regular pace.
Continuous vs Stop Sounds
- Continuous sounds (e.g., mad, fit, sat) are easier for students to decode than stop sounds (e.g., tip, cat, hot).
Phonological Awareness
- A broader skill encompassing awareness of larger parts of spoken language and smaller parts, including phonemes and elements like rhyming and intonation.
Phonemic Awareness
- A narrower focus within phonological awareness that involves identifying and manipulating individual sounds within words.
Phonemic Awareness Instruction
- Teaches students to blend and segment sounds, isolating and manipulating individual phonemes in spoken language.
Phonics Instruction
- Focuses on the relationship between letters (graphemes) and sounds (phonemes), and how to use this knowledge for reading and writing.
Graphemes and Phonemes
- Graphemes are written language letters, while phonemes represent the smallest spoken sounds.
Alphabetic Principle
- Understanding that written letters correspond to spoken sounds systematically and predictably.
Continuous vs Stop Sounds Defined
- Continuous sounds can be prolonged, while stop sounds are brief and cannot be held without distortion.
Regular vs Irregular Words
- Regular words have letters that represent their usual sounds. Irregular words, like "was," contain one or more letters that deviate from common sounds.
Examples of Phonetic Structures
- Consonant blends: bl, st, scr
- Consonant digraphs: ch, sh, th
- Diphthongs: oi, oo, ea
Reading Skills Order
- Skills should be taught progressively, starting from segmenting individual sounds to blending them into words.
Sight Reading
- In sight reading, students do not sound out words but recognize them instantly during normal speech.
Emergent Reader
- Typically a preschooler who begins to understand the concepts of letters and words.
Beginning Reader
- Demonstrates basic understanding of the alphabet and print concepts.
Transitional Reader
- Recognizes differences within words and begins to manipulate them.
Intermediate Reader
- Focuses on fluency and understanding the meaning of the text.
Advanced Reader
- Engages in reading to learn new information.
Emergent Literacy
- Integrates reading and writing learning through active engagement and exploration of written language.
Phonological Awareness Levels
- Level 1: Word awareness, rhyme awareness.
- Level 2: Initial consonant awareness, onset-rime segmentation.
- Level 3: Phoneme blending and manipulation.
Voiced Sounds
- Produced when vocal cords vibrate during sound articulation.
Ehri's Model of Reading Development
- Consists of four stages: Pre-alphabetic, Partial-alphabetic, Full-alphabetic, and Consolidated-alphabetic phases.
Phonics Instruction Approaches
- Embedded: Phonics integrated within context.
- Analytic: Analyzing known words to find letter-sound patterns.
- Synthetic: Teaching sounds and blending them to form words.
Goals of Phonics Instruction
- Facilitate understanding of the alphabetic principle.
- Promote accurate and automatic word recognition.
- Aid in decoding novel words.
Syllable Definition
- A unit of spoken language with one or more vowel sounds.
Morpheme Definition
- The smallest meaningful unit in language.
Parts of Words
- Roots: Components derived from other languages.
- Base words: Standalone words without prefixes or suffixes.
- Affixes: Added to roots or base words to create new meanings.
Teaching Advanced Word Reading Skills
- Approaches include focusing on morphological and phonological units.
Decoding Words
- Identifying which words students may struggle with decoding based on known sounds and word types.
Supporting Reading Development
- Encourage transitions between phases of reading by reinforcing phonics and decoding strategies.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamentals of phonemic awareness, including the teaching of lower case letters and the distinction between continuous and stop sounds. Understanding these concepts is crucial for effective reading instruction and for helping students decode regular words. Test your knowledge on phonological skills and their importance in early literacy development.