Slit-Lamp Biomicroscopy Quiz & Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary advantage of the telescope system in slit-lamp biomicroscopy?

It enables the use of extra lenses for fundus examination.

It provides a considerable distance between the microscope and the patient's eye. (correct)

It allows for simultaneous examination of both eyes.

It allows for greater magnification of the patient's eye.

What is the term for the coupling effect where the microscope and light are focused on the same point?

Galilean focus

Parfocality (correct)

Grenough effect

Porro-Abbe principle

What is the primary difference between the Zeiss and Haag-Streit types of slit-lamp biomicroscopes?

The magnification power of the microscope

The portability of the device

The type of compound microscope system used

The type of illumination system used (correct)

What is the function of the flip lever in the Grenough type of slit-lamp biomicroscope?

To change the magnification power of the microscope Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical order of examination during a slit-lamp biomicroscopy procedure?

Eyelids, cornea, aqueous humour, iris, eyelid margin, lens, tear film, conjunctiva, vitreous Signup and view all the answers

What type of slit-lamp device is specifically designed for handicap patients?

Hand-held device Signup and view all the answers

What principle did LETZ's 1930 telescopic loupe rely on to increase working distance?

Galilean Telescope Signup and view all the answers

What improvement did GOLDANN make to the biomicroscope in 1933?

Implemented a common swivel axis for the microscope and illumination system Signup and view all the answers

Which component was NOT part of LITTMANN's 1950 enhancements to the slit lamp system?

Increased working distance Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most significant advantage of using a slit lamp in ocular examinations?

3 dimensional view of ocular structures Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT one of the prerequisites for achieving a 3D view using a slit lamp?

Joysticks for greater control Signup and view all the answers

Which associated instrument would NOT typically be found with a slit lamp system?

X-ray machine Signup and view all the answers

Who first attempted to develop a form of slit lamp in 1823?

Purkinje Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the science of examination with the slit lamp?

Biomicroscopy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a specialty of the slit lamp?

Binocular stereoscopic view Signup and view all the answers

Which major component was introduced to the slit-lamp by Vogt in 1919?

Koehler illumination system Signup and view all the answers

In which year did Albert and Greenough develop the binocular microscope with a stereoscopic view?

1891 Signup and view all the answers

Who combined Gullstrand’s slit illumination system with Czapski’s binocular corneal microscope to develop a prototype of modern biomicroscopy?

Henker Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the slit-lamp is considered a misnomer?

Slit-shaped illumination Signup and view all the answers

Who introduced the term 'biomicroscopy' and when?

Mawas in 1925 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Optical Principles of Slit-Lamp Biomicroscope

The Porro-Abbe Prism allows significant distance between the microscope and the patient’s eye, facilitating procedures like foreign body removal and fundus examination using extra lenses.
Parfocality ensures that the focus point of the microscope aligns with the light focus, achieved by having a common focal plane and axis of rotation for the microscope and illumination system.

Types of Slit-Lamp

Based on Illumination System:
- Zeiss Type: Illumination from below.
- Haag-Streit Type: Illumination from above.
Based on Compound Microscope System:
- Grenough Type: Uses a flip lever for magnification changes.
- Galilean Changer Type: Uses a knob for changing magnification (3 or 5 steps).
Hand-held slit-lamp devices are available for specific patient needs including handicap, infants, and bedbound patients.

Chronology of Slit-Lamp Development

Haag-Streit introduced the slit-lamp in 1920, followed by Bausch & Lomb in 1926.
In 1930, LETZ introduced a telescopic loupe enhancing working distance based on the Galilean principle.
Goldmann's advancement in 1933 featured a common swivel axis for the microscope and illumination system.
A joystick was added to Haag-Streit models in 1938.
In 1950, LITTMANN integrated joystick control with Zeiss illumination and a stereo telescope system for improved functionality.

Advantages and Functionality

Slit-lamps provide a three-dimensional view of ocular structures, crucial for detailed examination.
Stereopsis (from the binocular microscope), adjustable light direction, and light beam shape are essential for achieving the 3D view.
Associated instruments enhance exam capabilities including tonometers, gonioscopy, fundus examination, and pachymetry.
Slit-lamp biomicroscopy enables in vivo study of living tissues with high magnification, documenting ocular health effectively.

Basic Design Components

Observation System: High-power binocular microscope for viewing detailed eye structures.
Illumination System: Slit-shaped illumination source specifically designed for ophthalmic examination.

Historical Landmarks in Slit-Lamp Development

Purkinje (1823) attempted a slit lamp with handheld components.
De Wecker (1863) created a portable ophthalmomicroscope, though it lacked stereoscopic vision.
Albert and Greenough developed a binocular microscope with stereoscopic capability in 1891.
Czapski (1897) modified binocular corneal microscopes, influencing modern designs.
Allvar Gullstrand introduced the first conceptual slit-lamp in 1911, initially called “Large reflection-free ophthalmoscope,” manufactured by Zeiss.
In 1916, Henker created a prototype by merging Gullstrand and Czapski's designs.
VOGT (1919) introduced Koehler illumination to the Gullstrand slit-lamp, enhancing illumination quality.

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Description

Learn about the principles of slit-lamp biomicroscopes, including the Porro-Abbe Prism, telescope system, and parfocality. Understand how they enable processes like foreign body removal and fundus examination.

Slit-Lamp Biomicroscope Optics

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