Questions and Answers
Which type of sleep disorder may involve insomnia, hypersomnia, parasomnias, or a combination of these?
Sleep disorder due to a general medical condition
What type of conditions may result in sleep disturbances according to the text?
Degenerative neurologic illnesses, cerebrovascular disease, endocrine conditions
Which substance can lead to substance-induced sleep disorder?
Alcohol
What is the most common sleep disturbance associated with substance-induced sleep disorder?
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How may sleep disturbances due to a general medical condition improve?
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Which type of substance-induced sleep disorder involves direct physiological effects of a substance?
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What may lead to improvement in sleep for substance-induced sleep disorder?
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Which sleep disturbance may be treated symptomatically with medication for sleep?
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What type of infections may lead to sleep disturbances according to the text?
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What type of disease may result in sleep disturbances according to the text?
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What is the primary element of insomnia?
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What is a characteristic of psychophysiological insomnia?
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What is a subtype of insomnia disorder related to behaviors not conducive to sleep?
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What is a characteristic of paradoxical insomnia?
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What are the treatment modalities for insomnia disorder?
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What is a behavior not conducive to sleep, according to the text?
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What is a characteristic of inadequate sleep hygiene?
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What is a characteristic of psychophysiological insomnia, according to the text?
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What is a subtype of insomnia disorder involving conditioned arousal associated with the thought of sleep?
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Which treatment modality is included in the 'Sleep Hygiene Measures' box?
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What is the treatment for idiopathic insomnia?
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How is insomnia due to a mental disorder, medical condition, or substance use managed?
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What is the primary treatment for Hypersomnolence Disorder?
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How is Narcolepsy treated?
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What are Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders primarily treated with?
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How are Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders managed?
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What are Parasomnias?
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What is Nightmare disorder characterized by?
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What does Sleep terror disorder involve?
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What does Sleepwalking disorder involve?
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Study Notes
Common Sleep Disorders and Their Treatments
- Idiopathic insomnia is a lifelong inability to obtain adequate sleep due to a neurologic deficit in the sleep-wake cycle, requiring long-term treatment with improved sleep hygiene, relaxation therapy, and sleep-inducing medication.
- Insomnia due to a mental disorder, medical condition, or substance use may not be completely eliminated by treating the underlying cause, but can be managed with medications, sleep hygiene measures, and avoiding stimulants.
- Hypersomnolence Disorder involves excessive sleepiness for at least 1 month, with treatment usually involving stimulant medication.
- Narcolepsy is characterized by chronic excessive sleepiness and sleep attacks, and is treated with stimulant medication, modafinil, and behavioral structuring such as scheduling naps.
- Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders include obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, and central alveolar hypoventilation, commonly seen in obese individuals and the elderly, and are primarily treated with surgical interventions and continuous positive airway pressure machines during sleep.
- Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders result from altered functioning of circadian rhythm and can be managed with sleep hygiene measures, melatonin, and bright light therapy.
- Parasomnias are disorders involving abnormal behavioral or psychological events associated with sleep, specific sleep stages, or sleep-wake transition, including nightmare disorder, sleep terror disorder, and sleepwalking disorder.
- Nightmare disorder involves frightening dreams leading to waking from sleep, with no widely accepted treatment.
- Sleep terror disorder involves abrupt awakenings from sleep associated with a panicky scream or cry, often affecting children and tending to go away in adolescence.
- Sleepwalking disorder involves episodes of complex motor behavior initiated during sleep, mainly affecting children and tending to dissipate by adolescence, requiring no treatment.
- Sleep disorders related to another mental disorder may involve insomnia or hypersomnia, commonly associated with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and other psychotic disorders, requiring treatment of the underlying mental disorder to resolve the sleep disorder.
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