Slavery in the United States and Society Comparison
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Questions and Answers

What was the first major battle of the Civil War?

  • Shiloh
  • Ironclads
  • Antietam
  • Bull Run (correct)

The battle of Ironclads ended with a clear victory for the Union.

False (B)

Who led the Union forces in storming New Orleans?

Admiral Farragut

The bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War was the battle of ______.

<p>Antietam</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following battles with their key details:

<p>Bull Run = First major battle of the Civil War in July 1861 Shiloh = Union General Grant secures the Mississippi valley Antietam = Bloodiest single-day battle, forced retreat of Lee Ironclads = First battle between iron-plated ships</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which battle secured control of the Mississippi Valley for the Union?

<p>Shiloh (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Union suffered heavy losses in the battle of Shiloh.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what month and year did the battle of Antietam occur?

<p>September 1862</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant outcome of the Battle of Gettysburg?

<p>Confederate General Lee's invasion of the North was turned back (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Confederate stronghold at Vicksburg was captured by Union General Sherman.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led the 54th Massachusetts Black Regiment into battle at Morris Island?

<p>Colonel Robert Gould Shaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sherman's March to the Sea aimed to __________ the South’s economy.

<p>disrupt</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their significance:

<p>Gettysburg = Turned back the Confederate invasion of the North Vicksburg = Union gained control of the Mississippi River Sherman's March = Devastated Southern infrastructure and economy Appomattox = Surrender that marked the end of the Civil War</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation primarily aim to achieve?

<p>Gradual emancipation of slaves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Civil War ended with the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cities were significant during Sherman's March to the Sea?

<p>Atlanta and Savannah</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?

<p>It allowed states to choose whether to allow slavery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Dred Scott Decision ruled that African Americans were considered US citizens.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did John Brown take that made him a significant figure in American history?

<p>He led an armed uprising to free slaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ believed that states should be allowed to make their own decisions regarding slavery.

<p>pro-slavery proponents</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the event to its description:

<p>Kansas-Nebraska Act = Allowed states to decide about slavery Dred Scott Decision = Ruled that African Americans were not citizens John Brown's Raid = Attempted to incite a slave rebellion Secession = Withdrawal from the United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Dred Scott claim regarding his freedom?

<p>He was free because he lived in a free state. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

John Brown was executed for his efforts to free slaves.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Mississippi Compromise in relation to the issue of slavery?

<p>It attempted to establish boundaries for slavery but was eventually overturned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was President Lincoln's priority during the early stages of the Civil War?

<p>Saving the Union (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Emancipation Proclamation was introduced to the public immediately after its draft in July 1862.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant battle marked a turning point in the Civil War for the Union in September 1862?

<p>The Battle of Antietam</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the population of the North in 1860?

<p>22 million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lincoln aimed to frame the Civil War as a crusade against __________ for international support.

<p>slavery</p> Signup and view all the answers

The South produced 90% of U.S manufactured goods.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did the assassination of Lincoln take place?

<p>Ford's Theatre (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the Cotton Gin?

<p>Eli Whitney</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1860, the North had __________ km of railway.

<p>35,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phrase did Booth yell after shooting Lincoln?

<p>Sic Semper Tyrannis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals with their status during the assassination plot:

<p>Abraham Lincoln = Assassinated Andrew Johnson = Aborted William Seward = Attempted Edwin Stanton = Aborted Ulysses S. Grant = Aborted</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the economic outputs with the corresponding regions:

<p>North = Factories South = Agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many black soldiers served in the Union Army by the war's end?

<p>Over 180,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major technological difference between the North and South?

<p>North had more urban centers and industry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The South's economy relied significantly on slavery for its agricultural output.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the South's reliance on a slave population?

<p>To meet the labor demands of cotton production</p> Signup and view all the answers

The international slave trade was abolished in __________.

<p>1808</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population in the South consisted of small or poor farmers who did not own slaves?

<p>75% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Booth's initial plan regarding Lincoln in August 1864?

<p>Kidnap him for Confederate prisoners (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vice President Andrew Johnson was supportive of Lincoln's administration throughout the Civil War.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Booth leave at Andrew Johnson's house when he was not home?

<p>A note asking if Johnson was at home.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Judah Benjamin was a Confederate Secretary of State who was involved in the plot to kill ______.

<p>Lincoln</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following key figures with their roles regarding Lincoln's assassination:

<p>Booth = Confederate secret agent Andrew Johnson = Lincoln's Vice President Judah Benjamin = Confederate Secretary of State Davis = President of the Confederacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Lincoln decide not to take money from British financiers?

<p>He wanted to maintain independence from foreign powers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Booth was completely alone in plotting the assassination of Lincoln.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant action taken by Andrew Johnson regarding individuals caught for Lincoln's assassination in 1869?

<p>He pardoned some of them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

A law allowing popular sovereignty (people decide) in Kansas and Nebraska territories deciding if they want slavery. This act led to violence and increased tensions over slavery.

Dred Scott Decision (1857)

Supreme Court ruling declaring African Americans were not citizens and could not sue in court. It stated that enslaved people were property and could not be freed by moving to a free state.

Popular Sovereignty

The idea that the people in a territory or state should decide for themselves if they want slavery.

John Brown

An abolitionist who used violence to fight against slavery.

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Secession

Formal withdrawal of a state from a nation, as in the case of states leaving the United States.

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Mississippi Compromise

An agreement that attempted to limit the expansion of slavery by a proposed 36°30 line. This compromise was overturned.

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Abolitionist

A person who advocated for the end of slavery.

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US Citizen

A legal resident of the United States with the corresponding legal rights and responsibilities.

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North vs. South: 1860 Population

The North had a population of 22 million in 1860, whereas the South had 12 million, including 4 million slaves.

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North vs. South: Industry

The North had a strong industrial economy with many factories, while the South relied heavily on agriculture, particularly cotton.

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Cotton Gin's Impact

Inventor Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin dramatically increased cotton production, boosting the demand for slave labor in the South.

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North's Railway Network

The North had a vast railway system spanning 35,000 km, facilitating trade and transportation.

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South's Economic Dependence

The South's economy relied heavily on cotton production and relied on the North for manufactured goods, creating an imbalance.

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Northern Attitudes Towards Slavery

Many in the North opposed slavery on moral and economic grounds, seeing it as incompatible with the principles of equality and human rights.

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Southern Arguments for Slavery

Southerners defended slavery as a necessary part of their economy and a way of life, claiming racial superiority and fearing social unrest.

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Slavery and the Constitution

Southerners argued that slavery was protected by the Constitution, while abolitionists challenged this interpretation, citing fundamental rights like liberty and equality.

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Slavery and the Job Market

Southerners feared that freeing slaves would lead to an influx of black workers competing with white workers, potentially driving down wages.

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Impact of the International Slave Trade Ban

The banning of the international slave trade in 1808 had a limited impact on the South as domestic slave trade continued to thrive.

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First Major Battle

The Battle of Bull Run, fought in July 1861, was the first major battle of the Civil War. It resulted in a Confederate victory, pushing the Union forces back to Washington.

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Ironclad Ships

The Battle of the Ironclads, occurring in March 1862, was the first naval battle between ironclad ships. The Union's Monitor and the Confederate's Merrimac fought to a draw.

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Shiloh's Cost

The Battle of Shiloh, fought in April 1862, was a bloody battle in Tennessee. Despite heavy losses, Union General Grant secured control of the Mississippi Valley.

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New Orleans Captured

In April 1862, Union Admiral Farragut led a successful naval attack on New Orleans, capturing the city and gaining control of the Mississippi River.

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Antietam's Bloodshed

The Battle of Antietam, fought in September 1862, was the single bloodiest day of the Civil War. The Union victory forced Confederate General Lee to retreat from Maryland.

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Union General Grant

Union General Ulysses S. Grant was a key figure in the Civil War, known for his strategic brilliance and persistence. He played a critical role in the victories at Shiloh and Vicksburg.

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Confederate General Lee

Confederate General Robert E. Lee was a brilliant military strategist and led the Confederate forces in the Civil War. Despite his efforts, he ultimately lost the war.

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Mississippi Valley

The Mississippi River Valley played a critical role in the Civil War. Controlling this territory gave the Union a strategic advantage.

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Gettysburg

A three-day battle in Pennsylvania in July 1863 where the Union Army turned back Confederate General Lee's final attempt to invade the North.

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Vicksburg

A Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River that surrendered to Union General Grant in July 1863 after a six-week siege.

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Morris Island

A battle fought in South Carolina in July 1863 where Colonel Robert Gould Shaw led the 54th Massachusetts Black Regiment.

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Sherman's March to the Sea

A military campaign led by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman from May to December 1864 in Georgia, aiming to destroy Confederate resources.

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Emancipation Proclamation

A presidential proclamation issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, freeing enslaved people in Confederate territories.

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Lincoln's Stance on Slavery

Abraham Lincoln initially favored a gradual emancipation of slaves, seeking to avoid conflict with the South during his election.

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The Carolinas

Union General Sherman occupied the Carolinas from January to March 1865, further weakening the Confederate resistance.

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Appomattox

The location where Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in April 1865, marking the official end of the Civil War.

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John Wilkes Booth

A Confederate Secret Agent who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln in 1865.

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Booth's Motivation

Booth's motive was to avenge the Confederacy by killing President Lincoln and destabilizing the Union.

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Andrew Johnson

Lincoln's Vice President who became President after Lincoln's assassination.

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Johnson's Actions after Lincoln's Death

Johnson pardoned some of the people involved in Lincoln's assassination and did not express condolences for Lincoln's death.

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Confederate Involvement in the Plot

Secret agents of the Confederate government were involved in the plot to assassinate Lincoln.

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Judah Benjamin's Role

The Confederate Secretary of State, Judah Benjamin, was deeply involved in the plot to kill Lincoln.

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Lincoln's Assassination: A Targeted Attack

Lincoln and his cabinet were considered legitimate targets by the Confederates.

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British Financiers and the Plot

British financiers were involved with the Confederacy and provided financial assistance.

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Battle of Antietam

A major battle fought in September 1862, resulting in a Union victory that led to the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation.

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Why did Lincoln delay the Emancipation Proclamation?

Lincoln wanted to ensure a Union victory before issuing the Emancipation Proclamation to maximize its political impact and strengthen the Union's position.

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Impact of the Emancipation Proclamation

The Emancipation Proclamation significantly impacted the war by shifting its objective to include the abolition of slavery, bolstering Union moral, and attracting black soldiers to the Union army.

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Lincoln's Proposal to End Slavery Gradually

In 1862, Lincoln proposed a constitutional amendment to gradually end slavery and compensate slave owners, reflecting a more cautious approach to abolition at that time.

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Sic Semper Tyrannis

A Latin phrase meaning 'thus always to tyrants', shouted by John Wilkes Booth after assassinating Lincoln.

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Booth's Escape Route

After assassinating Lincoln, Booth fled Ford's Theater, traveled to the Surratt Tavern, and stayed with Dr. Samuel Mudd, ultimately ending up in Virginia.

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Study Notes

Slavery in the United States

  • Slave trade arrived in the US in 1619
  • Slave trade ended in 1808
  • Slavery existed until 1865
  • Slaves revolted against captors.
  • Slave value was determined by their teeth's health, reflecting their work capacity.
  • Slaves outnumber whites in some states before the Civil War (South Carolina, Mississippi example).
  • Slaves were forbidden to read to avoid challenging the slave system.
  • The average slave worked 14 hours a day in the summer, sometimes longer.
  • Female slaves often bore children as young as 12 years old.
  • There were more female than male slaves (2:1 ratio example).
  • Some figures' teeth were from slaves (George Washington's)
  • The Civil War began due to Southern states' anxieties about the potential loss of their right to continue slavery with the election of Abraham Lincoln.

Comparison of Societies (North vs. South)

  • North:

    • Large urban centers and industries.
    • Population in 1860: 22 million.
    • Growing working and professional classes.
    • Immigration influx
    • 35,000 km of railway.
    • Large shipping industry.
    • Produced 90% of US manufactured goods.
    • 118,000 factories employing 1.2 million workers.
    • Ended international slave trade in 1808, and most states outlawed it by 1820.
    • Opposed slavery by constitutional right (life liberty and pursuit of happiness).

  • South:

    • Mostly rural, with some cities.
    • Population in 1860: 12 million (4 million slaves).
    • More slaves than whites in some states.
    • Less than 15,000 km of railway.
    • Cotton Gin (1793) invented by Eli Whitney increased demand for slaves.
    • Production of cotton, tobacco, rice, and sugar and sent to the North.
    • 20,000 factories with 100,000 workers.
    • Reliance on slavery for economic prosperity.
    • Viewed slavery as protected by existing laws and economic necessity.

Testing the Union (Sectionalism)

  • Missouri Compromise (1820): Debate about permitting slavery in new states.
  • Compromise of 1850: Should slavery extend westward?
  • Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854): Debate over slavery in new territories.
  • Dred Scott Decision (1857): Slavery rights above the 36°30' line? Citizenship rights for African Americans.

Biographies, Events, and Key Figures

  • John Brown (Northerner): Led anti-slavery efforts, killed in a raid, viewed differently by both sides of the conflict.
  • Robert E. Lee: Commander of the Confederate Army, Virginia native
  • President Lincoln: Waged war without congressional consent while seeking to save the union.
  • Fort Sumter (April 1861): First battle of the Civil War began here, marked by Confederate artillery opening fire.
  • Bull Run (July 1861): The first major battle of the Civil War.
  • Mississippi River control (1862-1865): Multiple battles occurred trying to secure river access, changing the power in the US.
  • Gettysburg (July 1863): Turning point battle of the Civil War, Confederate forces unsuccessfully invaded the North.
  • Vicksburg (July 1863): Final confederate stronghold on the Mississippi, Union victory.
  • Sherman's March to the Sea (May-December 1864): Major Union campaign that destroyed southern infrastructure.
  • Appomattox (April 1865): Lee surrendered to Grant, ending the Civil War.
  • Lincoln's assassination: April 14, 1865, by John Wilkes Booth
  • Confederate plot: Included kidnapping of Lincoln, killing military leaders, and attacking the North.

Reconstruction

  • Reconstruction: Era after the Civil War focused on rebuilding the South and integrating enslaved people in American society.
  • Andrew Johnson: Reconstruction President who did not care for Black americans.
  • 13th Amendment (1865): Abolished slavery.
  • Black Codes: Laws limited Black people’s rights and freedom.
  • 14th Amendment (1866): Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law.
  • Reconstruction Act (1867): Established military rule in the South.
  • 15th Amendment (1869): Prohibited voting restrictions based on race.

Additional information

  • Ku Klux Klan: White supremacy group who fought against reconstruction and black Americans.
  • Sharecropping: Legal agreement between landowners and tenants who worked for a share of the harvest but were often trapped in cycles of debt.
  • Carpetbaggers: Northern businessmen who moved to the South after the Civil War seeking economic opportunities.
  • Scalawags: Southern whites who supported Republican policies during Reconstruction.
  • Confederate flag debates: Ongoing discussions in the US about the Confederate flag as a relic of slavery and racism.

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Description

Explore the complex history of slavery in the United States, from the arrival of the slave trade to its eventual end in 1865. This quiz also compares the societal structures of the North and South, highlighting key differences in population, economy, and social dynamics leading up to the Civil War.

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