Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of accurately locating lines, planes, and points in the skull and facial bones?
What divides the skull into two symmetrical right and left halves when viewed from the anterior aspect?
What is the primary focus of skull radiography?
What is the plane that divides the skull into anterior and posterior halves?
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What is the purpose of good patient care before, during, and after skull procedures?
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What is the line that connects the centers of the orbits and is at 90° to the median sagittal plane?
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What is the position of the patient in the FO spine projection?
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What are the small cavities located inside each petrous ridge that house the structures of?
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What is the angle of the x-ray beam in the PA axial (Caldwell) projection?
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What forms the prominent, diagonally oriented petrous ridge in the floor of the cranial cavity?
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Which of the following is NOT a basic radiographic landmark of the skull?
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What is the name of the bone that forms the lower jaw?
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What is the function of the dorsum sellae?
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What is characteristic of a true lateral positioning?
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What is Paget's disease?
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What is the sella turcica?
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What is the function of the clinoid processes?
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What is neoplastic process?
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Study Notes
Skull Radiography
- Skull radiography is the radiological investigation of the cranial space and associated bony structures.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the patient, x-ray room, equipment, and accessories for skull radiographic procedures.
- Explain the need for good patient care before, during, and after skull procedures.
- Describe basic radiographic techniques applied to the skull.
- Assess basic radiographic images of the skull using the evaluation criteria.
- Describe radiation protection applied during skull imaging.
Projections
- OF spine: patient in supine position and unable to move.
- Lateral (seated/HBST): FO 30° caudad skull.
- PA axial (Caldwell: 15°/25°/30°).
Basic Anatomy
- Frontal bone
- Mandible
- Maxilla
- Zygoma
- Greater wing of sphenoid
- Parietal bone
- Temporal bone
- Zygomatic arch
- Mastoid process
- Occiput
Radiographic Landmarks
- Vertex
- External occipital protuberance (EOP)
- External auditory meatus
- Outer canthus of the eye
- Infra-orbital point
- Nasion
- Glabella
Baselines and Body Planes
- Median saggittal plane: vertical plane dividing the skull into 2 symmetrical right and left halves.
- Auricular plane: plane splitting the skull into anterior and posterior halves passing along the anthropological base lines.
- Anthropological base line: plane dividing the skull into superior and inferior compartments along the auricular lines.
- Orbital meatal: original “baseline” running from the nasion through the outer canthus of the eye to the center of the external auditory meatus.
- Interpupillary line: line connecting the centers of the orbits and at 90° to the median saggittal plane.
Petrous Ridge and Clinoids
- Petrous portion of each temporal bone forms the petrous ridge in the floor of the cranial cavity.
- Petrous ridge houses structures of the middle and inner ears.
- Clinoids: bony projections extending from the body of the sphenoid bone near the sella turcica.
Sella Turcica and Dorsum Sella
- Sella turcica: situated in the middle cranial fossa and houses the pituitary gland.
- Dorsum sellae: posterior border of the sella turcica.
- Dorsum sellae provides structural support to the pituitary gland and surrounding anatomical structures.
- Dorsum sellae serves as a landmark in radiographic imaging and neurosurgical procedures.
Positioning and Critique
- OF: no rotation evidenced by equal distances from the lateral borders of the orbits to the lateral borders of the critique skull.
- OF: petrous ridges symmetrical and superimposing the orbital region.
- OF: dorsum sellae and clinoids seen above the ethmoid sinuses.
- Lateral: true lateral positioning evidenced by all bony structures properly superimposed.
- Lateral: sella turcica and clivus seen in profile with no rotation.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of skull radiography, including patient preparation, x-ray room equipment, and accessories needed for radiographic procedures. It also emphasizes the importance of good patient care.
