Skull Lesson 5: Facial Bone Anatomy Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

How many facial bones are there?

All facial bones come in pairs except which two?

Nasal

Vomer (correct)

Mandible (correct)

Maxilla

What are the characteristics of the Maxillary Bones?

Largest immovable facial bone; articulate with every facial bone except the mandible; form part of the wall of the orbital cavity; the acanthion forms the anterior nasal spine.

What 3 cavities do the Maxillary Bones articulate with?

Oral Cavity, Nasal Cavity, Orbits Signup and view all the answers

What are the four processes contained in each half of the fused maxillary bones?

Frontal Processes, Zygomatic Processes, Palatine Processes, Aveolar Processes Signup and view all the answers

The __________ processes of the maxillary bones support the roots of the upper teeth inferiorly.

Aveolar Signup and view all the answers

The __________ processes of the maxillary bones project laterally to join the zygomatic bone.

Zygomatic Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the Palatine Bones?

Forms the posterior 1/4 of the roof of the mouth anteriorly; contain a horizontal and vertical portion. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Horizontal Portion of the palatine bones articulate with?

Maxillary bones posteriorly Signup and view all the answers

What does the Vertical Portion of the palatine bones project to form?

The posterior medial orbits Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the Zygomatic Bones?

Makes up the lateral aspect and floor of the orbits; articulate with the frontal bone, temporal bone, maxilla, and sphenoid bone. Signup and view all the answers

What 2 bones join to form the Zygomatic Bones?

Zygoma & Temporal bone Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the Nasal Bones?

Thinnest, most fragile bones; articulate with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, frontal bone (nasion), and maxilla. Signup and view all the answers

What are the smallest bones of the skull?

Lacrimal Bones Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the Inferior Nasal Conchae?

Part of the facial structure; long, narrow, 'scroll shaped'; curve laterally. Signup and view all the answers

The Inferior Nasal Conchae is covered in?

Mucous membrane Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the Vomer Bone?

Thin plate; forms the inferior nasal septum; located at the mid-sagittal plane; forms the floor of the nasal cavity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Hyoid Bone?

'U' shaped Signup and view all the answers

What 3 cavities are formed by the facial bones?

Oral Cavity, Nasal Cavity, Orbits Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the Orbits?

Cone shaped; contain organs, nerves, and blood vessels of sight; largest portion: base. Signup and view all the answers

The Orbits project from OML and to MSP.

Superiority 30 degrees from OML, Medially 37 degrees to MSP Signup and view all the answers

What is the most posterior aspect of the Orbits?

Apex Signup and view all the answers

How many bones make up the Orbits?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What 3 cranial bones help to make up the Orbits?

Frontal bone, Sphenoid bone, Ethmoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What 4 facial bones help make up the Orbits?

Maxilla, Zygoma, Lacrimal, Palatine Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 posterior openings/aspects of the orbits?

Optic Foramen, Sphenoid Strut, Superior Orbital Fissure, Inferior Orbital Fissure Signup and view all the answers

What are 2 common fractures of the Orbits?

Blow Out Fx, Tri-Pod Fx (Malar Fx) Signup and view all the answers

What typically causes a Blow Out Fx?

Direct hit to the orbit Signup and view all the answers

What is a Tri-Pod Fx?

Involves 4 bones; separation of all 3 major attachments of the zygoma. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Facial Bone Anatomy

Total Facial Bones: 14, including pairs: Nasal (2), Lacrimal (2), Maxilla (2), Zygomatic (2), Palatine (2), Inferior Nasal Conchae (2), Vomer (1), Mandible (1).
Unpaired Facial Bones: Vomer and Mandible are the only non-paired bones.

Maxillary Bones

Largest Immovable Facial Bone: Articulates with all facial bones except the mandible, contributing to the orbital cavity walls.
Acanthion: The junction of right and left maxillary bones forms the anterior nasal spine.
Articulations: Connect with the Oral, Nasal, and Two Orbits cavities.
Processes: Each half has four processes: Frontal, Zygomatic, Palatine, and Aveolar.
Aveolar Processes: Support the roots of upper teeth.
Zygomatic Processes: Extend laterally to join the zygomatic bone.

Palatine Bones

Structure: Forms the posterior quarter of the roof of the mouth; consists of horizontal and vertical portions.
Horizontal Portion: Articulates posteriorly with the maxillary bones.
Vertical Portion: Projects upward to form the posterior aspect of the medial orbits.

Zygomatic Bones

Location: Forms the lateral aspect and floor of the orbits, articulating with multiple bones including the frontal and temporal bones.
Composition: Formed by the union of zygoma and temporal bone, with the temporal process extending to unite with the zygomatic process.

Nasal Bones

Characteristics: The thinnest, most fragile bones, articulating with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and maxilla.

Lacrimal Bones

Size: Smallest bones of the skull, situated between the ethmoid and maxilla, forming part of the medial orbit wall.

Inferior Nasal Conchae

Shape: Long, narrow, and scroll-shaped, curving laterally.
Function: Covered in mucous membrane for air warming, moistening, and cleaning.

Vomer Bone

Structure: A thin plate that makes up the inferior nasal septum, located at the mid-sagittal plane, forming the nasal cavity floor.

Hyoid Bone

Shape: "U" shaped, serves as an attachment point for the larynx and tongue muscles, and is unique as it does not articulate with any other bone.

Cavities Formed by Facial Bones

Cavities: Include the Oral Cavity, Nasal Cavity, and Orbits.

Orbits

Shape: Cone-shaped, housing organs, nerves, and blood vessels associated with sight.
Orientation: Project 30 degrees superiorly from OML and 37 degrees medially to MSP.
Apex: Most posterior part of the orbits, terminating at the optic foramen.
Bone Composition: Comprised of 7 bones total: 3 cranial (Frontal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid) and 4 facial (Maxilla, Zygoma, Lacrimal, Palatine).

Orbital Openings and Fractures

Posterior Openings: Include Optic Foramen, Sphenoid Strut, Superior Orbital Fissure, and Inferior Orbital Fissure.
Common Orbital Fractures: Blow Out Fractures typically from direct hits, mainly affecting the orbital floor; Tri-Pod Fractures involving separation of zygoma's three major attachments.

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Description

Delve into the anatomy of the facial bones with these flashcards designed for Lesson 5 on skull structures. Test your knowledge on the number of facial bones, their characteristics, and identifying the unique features of each bone. Perfect for students and enthusiasts of human anatomy.