Questions and Answers
What are the two major groups of skull bones?
List the cranial bones by name and quantity.
Frontal- 1, Ethmoid- 1, Parietal- 2, Sphenoid- 1, Temporal- 2, Occipital- 1.
List the facial bones by name and quantity.
Nasal- 2, Lacrimal- 2, Maxillae- 2, Zygomatic- 2, Palatine- 2, Inferior Nasal Concha- 2, Vomer- 1, Mandible- 1.
What are the three classifications of skull shapes and their angulations?
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What is the average skull shape?
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Describe a dolichocephalic skull.
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Describe a brachycephalic skull.
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What classification do the bones of the cranial vault fall into?
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What is the inner layer of spongy tissue found inside cranial bones?
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Name the two fontanels located on the midsagittal plane of the skull.
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What fontanel is located at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures?
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What fontanel is located at the junction of the lambdoidal and sagittal sutures?
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Which bone forms the anterior portion of the cranium?
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Which cranial bone is located between the orbits and posterior to the nasal bones?
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Which cranial bones form the vertex and most of the sides of the cranium?
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What is the prominent bulge of a parietal bone called?
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The two parietal bones articulate posteriorly with which bone?
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What do the two parietal bones form together?
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What do the two parietal bones articulate with the frontal bone to form?
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What do the two parietal bones and the occipital bone join together to form?
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Which cranial bone provides a depression to house the pituitary gland?
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Which cranial bone forms the posteroinferior portion of the cranium?
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What is the portion of the occipital bone that projects anteriorly from the foramen magnum?
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What is the large opening in the occipital bone through which part of the medulla oblongata passes?
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The basilar portion of the occipital bone fuses anteriorly with the body of which bone?
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Which structure articulates with the occipital condyles?
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What forms the middle portion of the cranial base?
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In which bone are the organs of hearing located?
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What separates the external auditory meatus from the auditory ossicles?
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What is the fibrocartilaginous, oval-shaped portion of the external ear called?
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What are the three auditory ossicles?
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From which bone does the zygomatic process project anteriorly?
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Which bone forms part of the cranial base between the greater wings of the sphenoid bone and the occipital bone?
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Which facial bones form the bridge of the nose?
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The anterior portion of the medial walls of the orbits is formed by which bone(s)?
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What is the largest of the immovable bones of the face?
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The body of each maxilla contains a large, pyramidal cavity called the _____.
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What is the thick ridge on the inferior border of the maxillary bone that supports the teeth?
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Study Notes
Skull Anatomy Overview
- Skull bones categorized into two main groups: cranial bones and facial bones.
Cranial Bones
- Total of 8 cranial bones:
- Frontal bone - 1
- Ethmoid bone - 1
- Parietal bones - 2
- Sphenoid bone - 1
- Temporal bones - 2
- Occipital bone - 1
Facial Bones
- Total of 14 facial bones:
- Nasal bones - 2
- Lacrimal bones - 2
- Maxillae - 2
- Zygomatic bones - 2
- Palatine bones - 2
- Inferior nasal conchae - 2
- Vomer - 1
- Mandible - 1
Skull Shape Classifications
- Mesocephalic: 47 degrees (average skull shape)
- Brachycephalic: 54 degrees (short, broad skull)
- Dolichocephalic: 40 degrees (long, narrow skull)
Bone Structure
- Cranial vault composed of flat bones.
- Inner spongy tissue in cranial bones known as diploe.
Fontanels in Infants
- Two major fontanels on midsagittal plane:
- Bregma: at coronal and sagittal sutures
- Lambda: at lambdoidal and sagittal sutures
Individual Cranial Bone Functions
- Frontal bone forms the front of the cranium.
- Ethmoid bone located between the orbits, posterior to nasal bones.
- Parietal bones form the vertex and sides of the cranium.
- Occipital bone forms the posteroinferior portion of the cranium, contains the foramen magnum for medulla oblongata passage.
- Sphenoid bone houses the pituitary gland.
Joints and Sutures
- Parietal bones articulate with occipital bone posteriorly.
- Form sagittal suture where they meet centrally.
- Articulate with frontal bone at coronal suture and with occipital bone at lambdoidal suture.
Temporal Bone Features
- Houses organs of hearing.
- Contains structures that separate external auditory meatus (EAM) from middle ear (tympanic membrane).
- Zygomatic process projects from temporal bone.
Maxilla and Other Facial Bones
- Maxilla: largest immovable bone of the face, contains maxillary sinus and alveolar process supporting teeth.
- Nasal bones form the bridge of the nose.
- Lacrimal bones create the anterior portion of the medial walls of the orbits.
Auditory Ossicles
- Comprised of three bones:
- Malleus
- Incus
- Stapes
Unique Structures
- Basilar portion of occipital bone fuses with sphenoid bone.
- Atlas (C1 vertebra) articulates with occipital condyles for head movement.
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Description
Test your knowledge of skull anatomy with this chapter 20 flashcard quiz. Focus on identifying cranial and facial bones, their names, and quantities. Perfect for students studying human anatomy in detail.
