Anatomy of the Skull

Total Number: 8 cranial bones
Types of Bones:
1. Frontal Bone: Forms the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets.
2. Parietal Bones (2): Form the sides and roof of the cranium.
3. Temporal Bones (2): Located at the sides and base of the skull; house the structures of the ears.
4. Occipital Bone: Forms the back and base of the skull; contains the foramen magnum for spinal cord passage.
5. Sphenoid Bone: Butterfly-shaped bone located at the base of the skull; connects with all cranial bones.
6. Ethmoid Bone: Located between the eyes; forms part of the nasal cavity and the orbits.

Total Number: 14 facial bones
Types of Bones:
1. Maxillae (2): Upper jawbones; form the upper part of the oral cavity and support teeth.
2. Zygomatic Bones (2): Cheekbones; contribute to the orbit and lateral wall of the skull.
3. Nasal Bones (2): Form the bridge of the nose.
4. Palatine Bones (2): Form the posterior part of the hard palate and part of the floor of the nasal cavity.
5. Lacrimal Bones (2): Smallest bones of the face; located in the medial wall of the orbit.
6. Inferior Nasal Conchae (2): Curved bones that form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
7. Vomer: Forms the inferior part of the nasal septum.
8. Mandible: Lower jawbone; the only movable bone of the skull.

Key Landmarks:
- Nasion: Bridge of the nose; where nasal bones meet the frontal bone.
- Glabella: Smooth area between the eyebrows; prominent in the frontal bone.
- Zygomatic Arch: Formed by the zygomatic bone and part of the temporal bone.
- Mastoid Process: Bony prominence behind the ear, part of the temporal bone.
- External Acoustic Meatus: Ear canal; located in the temporal bone.
- Mandibular Condyle: Rounded end of the mandible that articulates with the temporal bone.
- Coronoid Process: Anterior projection of the mandible; serves as a muscle attachment site.
- Foramen Magnum: Large opening in the occipital bone for spinal cord entry.
- Optic Canal: Passage for the optic nerve, located in the sphenoid bone.

Eight cranial bones form the protective case around the brain.
Frontal Bone: Consists of the forehead and upper eye sockets.
Parietal Bones: Two bones that create the sides and roof of the cranium.
Temporal Bones: Two bones at the sides and base of the skull, encompassing ear structures.
Occipital Bone: Forms the back and base of the skull; features the foramen magnum for spinal cord connection.
Sphenoid Bone: Butterfly-shaped, situated at the skull's base; it connects all cranial bones.
Ethmoid Bone: Located between the eyes; part of the nasal cavity and orbits.

Fourteen facial bones provide structure to the face and support for teeth.
Maxillae: Two upper jawbones shaping the upper oral cavity.
Zygomatic Bones: Two cheekbones that contribute to the orbit and sides of the skull.
Nasal Bones: Two bones that form the bridge of the nose.
Palatine Bones: Two bones making up the back part of the hard palate and part of the nasal cavity floor.
Lacrimal Bones: Smallest facial bones, positioned in the medial orbit wall.
Inferior Nasal Conchae: Two curved bones shaping the lateral nasal cavity walls.
Vomer: Forms the lower portion of the nasal septum.
Mandible: The lower jawbone, the only movable skull bone.

Nasion: Intersection of nasal and frontal bones, forming the bridge of the nose.
Glabella: Smooth area between the eyebrows, noticeable on the frontal bone.
Zygomatic Arch: Structure formed by zygomatic and temporal bones.
Mastoid Process: A pronounced bony area behind the ear, part of the temporal bone.
External Acoustic Meatus: The ear canal located within the temporal bone.
Mandibular Condyle: Rounded end of the mandible that connects with the temporal bone.
Coronoid Process: Forward projection of the mandible, serving as a muscle attachment point.
Foramen Magnum: Significant opening in the occipital bone allowing spinal cord passage.
Optic Canal: Channel in the sphenoid bone for the optic nerve.