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Questions and Answers
The skull is supported by which structure?
The skull is supported by which structure?
- The spinous process
- The ribs
- The sternum
- The vertebral column (correct)
What is the primary type of joint that immovably articulates the bones of the skull?
What is the primary type of joint that immovably articulates the bones of the skull?
- Hinge joints
- Cartilaginous joints
- Sutures (correct)
- Ball and socket joints
Which of the following skull bones is an exception to the immovable articulation via sutures?
Which of the following skull bones is an exception to the immovable articulation via sutures?
- Occipital bone
- Parietal bone
- Mandible (correct)
- Frontal bone
What are the two main divisions of the skull?
What are the two main divisions of the skull?
Which of the following is the primary function of the neurocranium?
Which of the following is the primary function of the neurocranium?
What is the main function of the splanchnocranium?
What is the main function of the splanchnocranium?
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the neurocranium?
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the neurocranium?
How many temporal bones are part of the neurocranium?
How many temporal bones are part of the neurocranium?
What bones constitute the NEURCRANIUM?
What bones constitute the NEURCRANIUM?
Which of the following bones is part of the splanchnocranium?
Which of the following bones is part of the splanchnocranium?
What is the name for the bones of the face?
What is the name for the bones of the face?
Which of the following pairs of bones are part of the facial skeleton?
Which of the following pairs of bones are part of the facial skeleton?
Which of the following best describes the form of the parietal bones?
Which of the following best describes the form of the parietal bones?
Which of the following features characterizes each parietal bone?
Which of the following features characterizes each parietal bone?
What is the name of the flat vertical portion of the frontal bone that corresponds to the forehead?
What is the name of the flat vertical portion of the frontal bone that corresponds to the forehead?
Which part of the frontal bone contributes to the formation of the roof of the orbit?
Which part of the frontal bone contributes to the formation of the roof of the orbit?
Where is the occipital bone situated in relation to the cranium?
Where is the occipital bone situated in relation to the cranium?
Which of the following apertures is found in the occipital bone?
Which of the following apertures is found in the occipital bone?
The upper fossae on the internal surface of the occipital bone primarily lodge which part of the brain?
The upper fossae on the internal surface of the occipital bone primarily lodge which part of the brain?
What articulates with the atlas on the inferior surface of the occipital bone?
What articulates with the atlas on the inferior surface of the occipital bone?
Which of the following describes the location of the sphenoid bone?
Which of the following describes the location of the sphenoid bone?
Which of the following is a distinctive feature of the sphenoid bone?
Which of the following is a distinctive feature of the sphenoid bone?
What is the term for the processes that arise from the body of the sphenoid bone and extend inferiorly?
What is the term for the processes that arise from the body of the sphenoid bone and extend inferiorly?
What is the name of the deep depression on the internal surface of the sphenoid bone that houses the hypophysis?
What is the name of the deep depression on the internal surface of the sphenoid bone that houses the hypophysis?
The temporal bones are situated at the:
The temporal bones are situated at the:
Which of the following organs is housed within the temporal bone?
Which of the following organs is housed within the temporal bone?
Which of the following is NOT considered a major part of the temporal bone?
Which of the following is NOT considered a major part of the temporal bone?
Where is the ethmoid bone situated?
Where is the ethmoid bone situated?
What part of the ethmoid bone is perforated by foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerves?
What part of the ethmoid bone is perforated by foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerves?
Which of the following is constituted by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone?
Which of the following is constituted by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone?
What structures are the superior and middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone?
What structures are the superior and middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone?
The palatine process of the maxilla contributes significantly to the formation of:
The palatine process of the maxilla contributes significantly to the formation of:
What is the primary function of the mandible?
What is the primary function of the mandible?
The palatine bone is situated between the maxilla and the:
The palatine bone is situated between the maxilla and the:
Which walls of the nasal cavity are contributed to by the palatine bone?
Which walls of the nasal cavity are contributed to by the palatine bone?
What part of the nasal septum contributes to the vomer?
What part of the nasal septum contributes to the vomer?
What form of articulation is defined by the joining of contiguous margins of bones by a thin layer of fibrous tissue?
What form of articulation is defined by the joining of contiguous margins of bones by a thin layer of fibrous tissue?
Which bones articulate to form the coronal suture?
Which bones articulate to form the coronal suture?
Which of the following sutures is located between the occipital and parietal bones?
Which of the following sutures is located between the occipital and parietal bones?
The squamosal suture is located between which two bones?
The squamosal suture is located between which two bones?
Which of the following best describes the articulation of skull bones, excluding the mandible?
Which of the following best describes the articulation of skull bones, excluding the mandible?
If a patient has a fracture affecting the anterior cranial fossa, which bone is most likely involved?
If a patient has a fracture affecting the anterior cranial fossa, which bone is most likely involved?
Which cranial bone is essential for the stabilization and protection of the brain and many of its associated blood vessels and cranial nerves?
Which cranial bone is essential for the stabilization and protection of the brain and many of its associated blood vessels and cranial nerves?
A patient presents with hearing loss and balance issues post-trauma. Which bone is MOST likely affected?
A patient presents with hearing loss and balance issues post-trauma. Which bone is MOST likely affected?
What is the functional significance of the cribriform plate's perforations found on the ethmoid bone?
What is the functional significance of the cribriform plate's perforations found on the ethmoid bone?
The perpendicular plate of which bone contributes to the formation of the nasal septum?
The perpendicular plate of which bone contributes to the formation of the nasal septum?
If a surgeon needs access to the hypophyseal fossa, which bone must they operate on or through?
If a surgeon needs access to the hypophyseal fossa, which bone must they operate on or through?
What would be the MOST LIKELY consequence of damage to the cribriform plate?
What would be the MOST LIKELY consequence of damage to the cribriform plate?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the location of the temporal bone within the cranium?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the location of the temporal bone within the cranium?
Damage to the hypoglossal canal of the occipital bone could MOST DIRECTLY affect which function?
Damage to the hypoglossal canal of the occipital bone could MOST DIRECTLY affect which function?
If a patient exhibits difficulty in the lateral movement of their eyes, which cranial nerve function might be impaired, and which bone is MOST closely associated with its passage?
If a patient exhibits difficulty in the lateral movement of their eyes, which cranial nerve function might be impaired, and which bone is MOST closely associated with its passage?
A surgeon is planning a procedure that involves accessing the middle cranial fossa. Which bone will provide the MOST direct route?
A surgeon is planning a procedure that involves accessing the middle cranial fossa. Which bone will provide the MOST direct route?
Which of the following bones, through its palatine process, significantly contributes to the formation of the hard palate?
Which of the following bones, through its palatine process, significantly contributes to the formation of the hard palate?
Which bone's condyle articulates with the atlas (the first cervical vertebra)?
Which bone's condyle articulates with the atlas (the first cervical vertebra)?
Which part of the ethmoid bone contains perforations that allow the passage of olfactory nerves, enabling the sense of smell?
Which part of the ethmoid bone contains perforations that allow the passage of olfactory nerves, enabling the sense of smell?
Which of the following structures is housed within the temporal bone?
Which of the following structures is housed within the temporal bone?
What functional role does the mandible primarily serve?
What functional role does the mandible primarily serve?
In a lateral skull radiograph, the pterion is identified as the region where several bones converge. Which bones intersect at the pterion?
In a lateral skull radiograph, the pterion is identified as the region where several bones converge. Which bones intersect at the pterion?
A patient has an injury affecting their ability to move their jaw. Which bone is MOST likely involved?
A patient has an injury affecting their ability to move their jaw. Which bone is MOST likely involved?
What distinguishes the palatine bone’s location from the other bones that form the nasal cavity?
What distinguishes the palatine bone’s location from the other bones that form the nasal cavity?
If a patient has difficulty chewing due to a fracture affecting the zygomatic arch, which bone is directly affected?
If a patient has difficulty chewing due to a fracture affecting the zygomatic arch, which bone is directly affected?
Which part of the vomer contributes to the nasal septum?
Which part of the vomer contributes to the nasal septum?
A fracture at the lambdoid suture would involve which two bones?
A fracture at the lambdoid suture would involve which two bones?
Which bones form the coronal suture?
Which bones form the coronal suture?
What is the role of the frontal bone's orbital part?
What is the role of the frontal bone's orbital part?
Which of the following characteristics describes the parietal bones?
Which of the following characteristics describes the parietal bones?
The squamous part of the temporal bone is known for which of the following features?
The squamous part of the temporal bone is known for which of the following features?
Which of the following skull bones is part of the neurocranium, contributing to the cranial base and housing the pituitary gland?
Which of the following skull bones is part of the neurocranium, contributing to the cranial base and housing the pituitary gland?
What is the primary role of the bones comprising the splanchnocranium in the skull?
What is the primary role of the bones comprising the splanchnocranium in the skull?
A patient is diagnosed with a fracture of the anterior nasal spine. Which bone is affected?
A patient is diagnosed with a fracture of the anterior nasal spine. Which bone is affected?
What is the 'Glabella' on the frontal bone?
What is the 'Glabella' on the frontal bone?
Which landmark represents the meeting point of the sagittal and lambdoidal sutures?
Which landmark represents the meeting point of the sagittal and lambdoidal sutures?
A sunken fontanelle in an infant may indicate which of the following?
A sunken fontanelle in an infant may indicate which of the following?
The anterior or frontal fontanelle demarcates the junction of which bones in an infant's skull?
The anterior or frontal fontanelle demarcates the junction of which bones in an infant's skull?
What is the process called where skull bones are joined at contiguous margins by fibrous tissue?
What is the process called where skull bones are joined at contiguous margins by fibrous tissue?
Which specific part of the maxilla is crucial in forming the larger part of the floor of the nasal cavity?
Which specific part of the maxilla is crucial in forming the larger part of the floor of the nasal cavity?
What bones constitute the SPLANCHNOCRANIUM?
What bones constitute the SPLANCHNOCRANIUM?
Which skull structure is crucial for movement and doesn't articulate using sutures?
Which skull structure is crucial for movement and doesn't articulate using sutures?
Flashcards
The Skull
The Skull
Supported by the vertebral column, composed of flattened or irregular bones joined by sutures (immovable joints), the mandible is the only exception.
Two parts of the Skull
Two parts of the Skull
The neurocranium encases and protects the brain. The splanchnocranium supports the face and protects sense organs.
Parietal Bones
Parietal Bones
The Parietal Bones form the sides and roof of the cranium. Each bone is irregularly quadrilateral with two surfaces and four angles.
Frontal Bone
Frontal Bone
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Occipital Bone
Occipital Bone
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Sphenoid Bone
Sphenoid Bone
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Temporal Bone
Temporal Bone
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Ethmoid Bone
Ethmoid Bone
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Vomer
Vomer
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Mandible (Lower Jaw)
Mandible (Lower Jaw)
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Maxilla
Maxilla
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Palatine Bone
Palatine Bone
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Zygomatic Bone
Zygomatic Bone
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Lacrimal bone
Lacrimal bone
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nasal bone
nasal bone
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Sutures
Sutures
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squamosal sutures
squamosal sutures
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occipitomastoid sutures
occipitomastoid sutures
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sphenosquamosal sutures
sphenosquamosal sutures
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Anterior Cranial Fossa
Anterior Cranial Fossa
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bregma
bregma
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lambda
lambda
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Nasion
Nasion
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bregma
bregma
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lambda
lambda
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Study Notes
- The study notes relate to the skull and individual cranial bones
Skull Bones
- The skull is supported by the vertebral column
- The skull consists of flattened or irregular bones that articulate immovably
- These bones connect via joints called sutures
- The mandible is the only skull bone that does not articulate with sutures
Division of the Skull
- The skull is divisible into two parts:
- NEURCRANIUM
- SPLANCHNOCRANIUM (bones of the face)
Functions of Neurocranium and Splanchnocranium
- The neurocranium lodges and protects the brain
- The splanchnocranium protects sense organs
Neurocranium Composition
- The neurocranium consists of eight bones:
- Occipital
- Two Parietals
- Frontal
- Two Temporals
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
Parietal Bone
- Parietal bones form the sides and roof of the cranium
- Each parietal bone has two surfaces, four borders, and four angles
Frontal Bone
- The frontal bone is located on the anterior-superior part of the skull
- Consists of the flat vertical squama portion corresponding to the forehead
- An orbital or horizontal portion contributes to the roof of the orbit
Occipital Bone
- The occipital bone is situated at the postero-inferior part of the cranium
- It features a large oval aperture called the foramen magnum
- The foramen magnum allows the cranial cavity to communicate with the vertebral canal
- The internal surface of the occipital bone is concave and divided into two fossae
- The upper fossae lodge the cerebrum
- The lower fossae accommodate the cerebellum
- The inferior surface features condyles that articulate with the atlas (first cervical vertebra)
Sphenoid Bone
- Located at the base of the skull
- Positioned in front of the temporals and the occipital bones
- Resembles a bat with a body in the middle and wings on the sides
- Features two pterygoid processes that arise from the body and extend inferiorly
- The internal surface of the body has a deep depression called the sella turcica
- The deepest part of the sella turcica houses the hypophysis and is known as the hypophysial fossa
Temporal Bone
- The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull
- They contain the organs of hearing and equilibrium
- The temporal bone has three major parts:
- Squamous part
- Petrous part
- Mastoid process
- The temporomandibular joint is located between the temporal bone and the mandible
Ethmoid Bone
- Situated on the anterior part of the base of the cranium, at the roof of the nose
- Features a horizontal part, or cribriform plate, forming anterior part of the base of the cranium
- Perforated by foramina for the passage of olfactory nerves
- The perpendicular plate constitutes part of the nasal septum
- Superior and middle nasal conchae extend downwards on the sides of the septum
Vomer
- Situated between the two nasal cavities
- Thin and roughly triangular in shape
- Contributes to the lower part of the nasal septum
Mandible
- Represents the largest and strongest bone of the face
- Receives the lower teeth
- Consists of a curved, horizontal portion, referred to as the body
- There are two perpendicular portions, know as rami
- The superior border of the body is hollowed into cavities housing sixteen teeth
- Each condyle presents an articular surface for articulation with the temporal bone
Maxilla
- Two maxillae unite to form the upper jaw
- Each maxilla assists in forming the boundaries of three cavities
- The roof of the mouth
- The floor and lateral wall of the nose
- The floor of the orbit
- The body is pyramidal in shape and contains a large cavity, the maxillary sinus
- The palatine process forms a considerable part of the floor of the nose and the roof of the mouth (palate)
Palatine Bone
- Situated at the posterior part of the nasal cavity, between the maxilla and the sphenoid
- Contributes to the walls of two cavities:
- The floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity
- The roof of the mouth (palate)
Zygomatic Bone
- Situated on the lateral part of the face
- Forms the prominence of the cheek
- Forms part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit
Nasal Bone
- Located on the dorsum of the nose
Lacrimal Bone
- Located on the anteromedial wall of the orbit
Sutures
- The suture is defined as the form of articulation where contiguous margins of bones unite
- The bones are united by a layer of fibrous tissue
- Only found in the skull
Types of Sutures
- Coronal: Parietal bones articulate with the frontal bone in their front
- Lambdoidal: Parietal bones articulate with the occipital in their behind
- Sagittal: Parietal bone articulates with its the opposite side
- Squamosal: Between the temporal and parietal bones
- Occipitomastoid: Between the occipital and temporal bones
- Sphenosquamosal: Between the temporal and sphenoid bones
Important Skull Landmarks
- Bregma: The midline point where the coronal and sagittal sutures intersect
- Lambda: The midline point where the sagittal and lambdoidal sutures intersect
- Glabella: The slight elevation in the midline of the forehead, between the superciliary arches and above the nasofrontal suture
- Pterion: The point of intersection between the frontal, sphenoid, parietal, and temporal bones
- Nasion: The point of intersection between the frontonasal suture and the midsagittal plane
- Gnathion: The most anterior and lowest median point on the border of the mandible
Fontanelles
- The junction between the frontal bone and the two parietal bones is called the bregma
- In newborns, ossification is incomplete, so the region can be felt as a soft spot called the anterior fontanelle
- The anterior fontanelle is the biggest fontanelle
- By palpating the anterior fontanelle, bone development and hydration status of the infant can be measured
- Dehydration is indicated by a sunken fontanelle
- Increased intracranial pressure is indicated by a tense and bulging fontanelle
- Occipital bone and two parietal bones junction is called lambda
- In newborns, ossification is incomplete, so the region can be felt as a soft spot called the posterior fontanelle.
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