Neuro Infections

Infection in which areas can eventually cause erosion of the skull bone? (Select all that apply)

What do most CNS infections result from?

Which of the following pathogens are involved in meningitis in newborns and are acquired through the birthing process?

What do H. influenzae, N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, L. monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus have in common?

Which of the following are the most common viral causes of acute CNS infections? (Select all that apply)

Which of the following are deep fungal mycoses?

Which of the following common routes of infection corresponds to the description: infection of mononuclear phagocytic system cells?

Which of the following routes of infection have the following description:

-from complications of other infections such as: • Pneumonia • Pharyngitis • Skin abscesses • Infectious endocarditis?

What are the least common routes to the CNS?

Which of the following viruses can infect the intraneural pathway?

Antibiotic therapy is effective in tetanus and botulism infections once the exotoxin has been produced.

Bacterial and fungal infections require prompt and aggressive treatment.

What does treatment of a viral infection mostly consist of?

Which bacteria causes infection that requires longer treatment?

Match each word to its definition

Match each hallmark sign to encephalitis or meningitis

Which type of meningitis do the following symptoms belong to:

-Brain damage • Hearing loss • Learning disability

Which type of meningitis has more severe symptoms?

What are 90% of viral meningitis cases caused by?

Which type of meningitis do the following symptoms apply to? - Decreased appetite, Fever, Headaches, Lethargy, Light sensitivity, Nausea and vomiting, Seizures, Sleepiness, Stiff neck.

What is the most common form of arbovirus encephalitis?

What organisms can West Nile Virus affect? (Select all that apply)

What are most human infections of West Nile Virus classified as?

Which population can West Nile Virus lead to rapid death in?

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in the US?

Streptococcus pneumoniae is capnophilic (CO2 loving).

What is Strep pneumoniae treated with?

What is the treatment for Strep pneumonia if the strain is Ceftriaxone resistant?

What is group B strep?

What does Strep. agalactiae (Group B Strep) form on blood agar?

Strep. agalactiae is encapsulated.

What is the treatment for Strep. agalactiae (group B strep)?

Which of the following bacteria is described below:

-Small, facultative anaerobe, pleomorphic, capnophilic, gram negative coccobacillus?

What is the treatment for Haemophilus influenzae?

Haemophilus influenzae can be encapsulated (typable) or unencapsulated (non-typable)

What influenza serotype does the vaccine target?

How many serotypes does influenza have?

What is the purified polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) conjugated to?

Which of the following is described below:

• Small gram-negative diplococci
• Latex agglutination (latex particles are coated with specific antigen) and coagglutination are rapid serologic tests?

What causes the meningitis rash associated with Neisseria?

What can develop after Neisserial disease has progressed to the blood?

How is Neisseria transmitted?

What can appear in the late stages of a Neisseria infection?

What are the treatments for nasal carriage of Neisseria? (Select all that apply)

What is the treatment for meningitis caused by Neisseria?

What is the 3rd most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults?

Which of the following is described below:

• gram positive bacillus
• beta hemolytic
• resistant to cephalosporins?

What is used to treat Listeria monocytogenes?

Which bacteria can invade microvascular endothelial cells?

What is used to treat meningitis in newborns caused by E. coli?

Which population is bacterial meningitis due to TB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) associated with?

What does TB infection of the brain cause?

What causes tetanus?

Which of the following bacteria is described below:

• Gram-positive
• Anaerobic
• Rod shaped
• Produces a terminal spore
• Neurogenic toxin?

Where are clostridium spores usually found?

How are tetanus neurotoxins transported to the spinal cord?

What does Tetanus Neurotoxin block the release of?

What does Tetanus produce?

The shorter the incubation for tetanus, the less severe the symptoms.

What is the first muscle usually affected by tetanus?

What is another differential symptom of tetanus?

What is used in tetanus treatment?

What are other supportive measures taken in tetanus infection?

What state do C. botulism spores convert to prior to producing toxin?

Where is botulism usually seen?

What does botulism pathogenesis begin with?

Botulism has obvious signs of infection such as fever and inflammation.

Where is botulism toxin directly absorbed?

Which neurotransmitter does botulism block?

Botulism leads to symmetrical paralysis that begins with the ocular, laryngeal, and respiratory muscles.

What is the most serious complication of botulism?

What age group is most at risk for botulism infection?

The risk of paralysis with polio decreases with age.

What kind of virus is the polio virus?

Match each polio pathogenesis to its description

Which viral infection has a 90% mortality rate?

Which of the following causes these symptoms:

• Relentless progression of excess motor activity
• Agitation
• Hallucinations
• Overproduction of saliva
• Inability to swallow?

What two forms does rabies exist in?

Which rabies form is associated with unimmunized dogs and cats?

Which rabies form is seen in wild animals?

Rabies infections in humans are incidental.

Which virus family are the following associated with: West Nile Virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Zika virus, Yellow fever virus?

Which viral family are the following associated with: Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE), Chikungunya virus?

Match each arbovirus to its description, clinical manifestations and neurological complications

Match each arbovirus to its description

What do HIV-AIDS dementia complexes (which occur in asymptomatic AIDS patients) lead to?

Which ganglia can reactivate HSV-1?

What is the most frequent prenatal infection?

Which respiratory tract virus is associated with serious sequela and death in extra respiratory complications?

Which virus is associated with Reye syndrome?

Which of the following are paramyxoviruses? (Select all that apply)

Which viral infection is associated with asymptomatic pleocytosis of CSF?

Which viral infection is associated with Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?

Which of the following endemic mycoses has the listed symptoms: headache, altered mental status, nausea, and vomiting?

Which endemic mycosis has the following symptoms: fever, headaches, lethargy, altered mental status, weakness, hydrocephalus, and focal neurological deficits that resemble cerebrovascular accidents (stroke)?

What is the most important fungal central nervous system (CNS) infection?

Which fungus is found throughout the world in soil contaminated with bird droppings?

Which fungal infection has the following characteristics:

• Capsule is anti-phagocytic
• Can bind to complement components
• Reduces opsonization
• Can interfere with the presentation of antigens to T cells
• Inhibits the adaptive immune response?

Which fungal infection has the following symptoms in later stages: Seizures, cranial nerve damage, and papilledema (edema of the optic nerve), dementia, and decreased levels of consciousness?

Where do most Acanthamoeba infections occur?

Which of the following is found in the oropharynx of asymptomatic humans?

How does Naegleria enter the CNS?

What does Naegleria produce in the CNS?

Which infectious species causes severe bifrontal headache and seizures?

What does an Amebic Meningoencephalitis infection produce?

Which Plasmodium species is associated with seizures in children and neurological complications like Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) and cerebellar ataxia?

Which tapeworm is the cause of epileptic seizures?

Match each stage of neurocysticercosis with its definition:

Which stage of neurocysticercosis is usually asymptomatic but can cause epilepsy in many patients?

What is the most common cause of brain mass lesions in HIV patients?

What causes African sleeping sickness?

What organism transmits Trypanosoma spp.?

Who is at risk for Trypanosoma spp. infection? (Select all that apply)

What can be used to treat Trypanosoma infection?

Which parasites cause Trypanosoma?