Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of oral mucosa compared to cutaneous epithelium?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of oral mucosa compared to cutaneous epithelium?
- Increased mechanical trauma
- Increased membrane permeability (correct)
- Decreased inflammation
- Increased cell proliferation (correct)
What term describes a single area of altered skin?
What term describes a single area of altered skin?
- Rash
- Plaque
- Dermatosis
- Lesion (correct)
Which of the following best characterizes a 'plaque' in dermatological terms?
Which of the following best characterizes a 'plaque' in dermatological terms?
- Elevated and solid lesion less than 1cm.
- Small, flat alteration in skin color.
- Circumscribed, elevated lesion greater than 1cm. (correct)
- Fluid-filled blister less than 1cm.
What is 'crusting' composed of in the context of skin conditions?
What is 'crusting' composed of in the context of skin conditions?
Which of the following is LEAST likely to be part of a general management strategy for skin disorders?
Which of the following is LEAST likely to be part of a general management strategy for skin disorders?
Which symptom is least associated with rashes?
Which symptom is least associated with rashes?
Which of the following conditions is NOT typically classified as an inflammatory skin condition?
Which of the following conditions is NOT typically classified as an inflammatory skin condition?
What is a common trigger for seborrheic dermatitis?
What is a common trigger for seborrheic dermatitis?
A patient presents with erythematous lesions covered by a 'cornflake crust.' Which condition is most likely?
A patient presents with erythematous lesions covered by a 'cornflake crust.' Which condition is most likely?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of shingles?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of shingles?
Which of the following is a symptom of measles?
Which of the following is a symptom of measles?
What is a key feature of folliculitis?
What is a key feature of folliculitis?
Which of the following is a characteristic of acne?
Which of the following is a characteristic of acne?
Which of the following is a common symptom of rosacea?
Which of the following is a common symptom of rosacea?
Which of the following factors is least likely to be associated with perioral dermatitis?
Which of the following factors is least likely to be associated with perioral dermatitis?
Which of the following is NOT one of the '6 Ps' associated with Lichen Planus?
Which of the following is NOT one of the '6 Ps' associated with Lichen Planus?
What is a typical characteristic observed in nail psoriasis?
What is a typical characteristic observed in nail psoriasis?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus?
Erythema Multiforme (EM) is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Erythema Multiforme (EM) is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Which of these options is considered a cause of erythema multiforme (EM)?
Which of these options is considered a cause of erythema multiforme (EM)?
What are the defining characteristics of TRUE typical Erythema Multiforme (EM) lesions?
What are the defining characteristics of TRUE typical Erythema Multiforme (EM) lesions?
Which of the following should be considered if a patient's symptoms are more severe/they are unwell, after a diagnosis of Erythema Multiforme?
Which of the following should be considered if a patient's symptoms are more severe/they are unwell, after a diagnosis of Erythema Multiforme?
When describing morphology - which of these options is defined as a 'full loss of epidermis and portion of the dermis +/- subcutaneous tissue?'
When describing morphology - which of these options is defined as a 'full loss of epidermis and portion of the dermis +/- subcutaneous tissue?'
True or false: Target lesions are pathognomonic for EM (erythema multiforme)?
True or false: Target lesions are pathognomonic for EM (erythema multiforme)?
What is the 'primary' difference between EM Minor and EM Major?
What is the 'primary' difference between EM Minor and EM Major?
Which of the following features is typically associated with cutaneous epithelium but not oral mucosa?
Which of the following features is typically associated with cutaneous epithelium but not oral mucosa?
What term best describes a widespread eruption of similar skin lesions?
What term best describes a widespread eruption of similar skin lesions?
Which characteristic is most indicative of a 'nodule' when describing skin lesion morphology?
Which characteristic is most indicative of a 'nodule' when describing skin lesion morphology?
In the context of skin lesion morphology, what is the defining characteristic of an 'erosion'?
In the context of skin lesion morphology, what is the defining characteristic of an 'erosion'?
Which of the following is least likely to be considered as a first-line treatment in the general management of most skin disorders?
Which of the following is least likely to be considered as a first-line treatment in the general management of most skin disorders?
Which of the following symptoms is least likely to be a primary characteristic of rashes in general?
Which of the following symptoms is least likely to be a primary characteristic of rashes in general?
Which of the following conditions is least likely to be initially suspected as an inflammatory skin condition?
Which of the following conditions is least likely to be initially suspected as an inflammatory skin condition?
Which of the following environmental factors is least associated with triggering seborrheic dermatitis?
Which of the following environmental factors is least associated with triggering seborrheic dermatitis?
Which of the following microorganisms is primarily associated with impetigo?
Which of the following microorganisms is primarily associated with impetigo?
In the context of shingles, what does 'rash restricted to one side' refer to?
In the context of shingles, what does 'rash restricted to one side' refer to?
What specific symptom is associated with measles due to the infection?
What specific symptom is associated with measles due to the infection?
What anatomical structure is primarily affected in cases of folliculitis?
What anatomical structure is primarily affected in cases of folliculitis?
Which of the following is a symptom associated with acne?
Which of the following is a symptom associated with acne?
Which trigger is least associated with Rosacea?
Which trigger is least associated with Rosacea?
Fluorinated toothpaste is associated with which of these skin conditions?
Fluorinated toothpaste is associated with which of these skin conditions?
Which of the following is among the '6 Ps' used to describe Lichen Planus?
Which of the following is among the '6 Ps' used to describe Lichen Planus?
Which specific finding is commonly observed in nail psoriasis?
Which specific finding is commonly observed in nail psoriasis?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus ('acute skin lupus')?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus ('acute skin lupus')?
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Erythema Multiforme?
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Erythema Multiforme?
What is the most common cause of Erythema Multiforme (EM)?
What is the most common cause of Erythema Multiforme (EM)?
What key morphologic feature defines typical Erythema Multiforme (EM) lesions?
What key morphologic feature defines typical Erythema Multiforme (EM) lesions?
In the context of Erythema Multiforme, what condition should be considered if a patient presents with severe symptoms or is unwell?
In the context of Erythema Multiforme, what condition should be considered if a patient presents with severe symptoms or is unwell?
Which term accurately describes the skin morphology characterized by a 'full loss of epidermis and portion of the dermis +/- subcutaneous tissue'?
Which term accurately describes the skin morphology characterized by a 'full loss of epidermis and portion of the dermis +/- subcutaneous tissue'?
In distinguishing between EM Minor and EM Major, what is the primary differentiating factor?
In distinguishing between EM Minor and EM Major, what is the primary differentiating factor?
A patient presents with small, erythematous bumps around hair follicles, some of which contain pus. Pruritis and mild pain are reported. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A patient presents with small, erythematous bumps around hair follicles, some of which contain pus. Pruritis and mild pain are reported. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of cutaneous epithelium compared to oral mucosa?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of cutaneous epithelium compared to oral mucosa?
What is the primary function associated with the reticular layer of the dermis?
What is the primary function associated with the reticular layer of the dermis?
Which structure is responsible for sebum production?
Which structure is responsible for sebum production?
In the context of skin morphology, what differentiates a bulla from a vesicle?
In the context of skin morphology, what differentiates a bulla from a vesicle?
Which of the following best describes an 'erosion' in dermatology?
Which of the following best describes an 'erosion' in dermatology?
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment for mild inflammatory skin conditions?
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment for mild inflammatory skin conditions?
A patient presents with a localized collection of pus. Which term accurately describes this skin condition?
A patient presents with a localized collection of pus. Which term accurately describes this skin condition?
Which of the following symptoms is most indicative of contact dermatitis?
Which of the following symptoms is most indicative of contact dermatitis?
What is the most characteristic feature of rashes caused by insect bites?
What is the most characteristic feature of rashes caused by insect bites?
Which of the following is a common trigger for seborrheic dermatitis?
Which of the following is a common trigger for seborrheic dermatitis?
Shingles is caused by the reactivation of which virus?
Shingles is caused by the reactivation of which virus?
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of measles?
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of measles?
Folliculitis is best described as:
Folliculitis is best described as:
Which of the following is a common characteristic of acne?
Which of the following is a common characteristic of acne?
Rosacea is often triggered by:
Rosacea is often triggered by:
Which of the following factors is most likely associated with perioral dermatitis?
Which of the following factors is most likely associated with perioral dermatitis?
Which of the following is a common feature of Lichen Planus?
Which of the following is a common feature of Lichen Planus?
Which of these nail changes is most commonly associated with psoriasis?
Which of these nail changes is most commonly associated with psoriasis?
What is the characteristic 'butterfly rash' associated with?
What is the characteristic 'butterfly rash' associated with?
Erythema Multiforme (EM) is primarily mediated by which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Erythema Multiforme (EM) is primarily mediated by which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Which of the following is the most common cause of Erythema Multiforme (EM)?
Which of the following is the most common cause of Erythema Multiforme (EM)?
What is the hallmark morphological characteristic of a TRUE typical Erythema Multiforme (EM) lesion?
What is the hallmark morphological characteristic of a TRUE typical Erythema Multiforme (EM) lesion?
In the context of skin disorders, what is the key distinguishing feature of a 'fissure'?
In the context of skin disorders, what is the key distinguishing feature of a 'fissure'?
If a patient is diagnosed with Erythema Multiforme and begins to show signs of systemic illness, what potential condition should be considered?
If a patient is diagnosed with Erythema Multiforme and begins to show signs of systemic illness, what potential condition should be considered?
Why is it crucial to distinguish Erythema Multiforme (EM) from Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)?
Why is it crucial to distinguish Erythema Multiforme (EM) from Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)?
Which of the following is a typical autoantibody target in Pemphigus vulgaris?
Which of the following is a typical autoantibody target in Pemphigus vulgaris?
What is the typical blister location in Bullous Pemphigoid?
What is the typical blister location in Bullous Pemphigoid?
What type of antibodies are typically elevated in patients with Dermatitis Herpetiformis?
What type of antibodies are typically elevated in patients with Dermatitis Herpetiformis?
In Dermatitis Herpetiformis, where are granular IgA deposits typically found upon direct immunofluorescence?
In Dermatitis Herpetiformis, where are granular IgA deposits typically found upon direct immunofluorescence?
A patient with Dermatitis Herpetiformis is likely to be advised to avoid which dietary component?
A patient with Dermatitis Herpetiformis is likely to be advised to avoid which dietary component?
Which of the following is NOT typically associated with Atopic Dermatitis?
Which of the following is NOT typically associated with Atopic Dermatitis?
Which component is a part of the atopic triad?
Which component is a part of the atopic triad?
Which of the following is NOT a typical cause of acute urticaria?
Which of the following is NOT a typical cause of acute urticaria?
What is a characteristic symptom of urticaria?
What is a characteristic symptom of urticaria?
Which type of miliaria is characterized by clear, non-itchy vesicles close to the skin surface?
Which type of miliaria is characterized by clear, non-itchy vesicles close to the skin surface?
Which form of heat rash involves flesh-colored, tender papules deep in the skin?
Which form of heat rash involves flesh-colored, tender papules deep in the skin?
Following multiple episodes of heat rash, which type of miliaria is most likely to develop in adults?
Following multiple episodes of heat rash, which type of miliaria is most likely to develop in adults?
Which of the following is considered a benign tumour of the skin?
Which of the following is considered a benign tumour of the skin?
Which of the following factors is most closely associated with the development of skin tags (acrochordons)?
Which of the following factors is most closely associated with the development of skin tags (acrochordons)?
What is a common characteristic of cherry angiomas?
What is a common characteristic of cherry angiomas?
Which of the following pigmented lesions is directly related to sun exposure?
Which of the following pigmented lesions is directly related to sun exposure?
Which factor is most strongly associated with the development of lentigo solar?
Which factor is most strongly associated with the development of lentigo solar?
Which of the listed options is NOT a risk factor associated with skin cancer?
Which of the listed options is NOT a risk factor associated with skin cancer?
A patient presents with a skin lesion exhibiting asymmetry, irregular borders, and varied colors. Which skin condition is most concerning and requires further evaluation?
A patient presents with a skin lesion exhibiting asymmetry, irregular borders, and varied colors. Which skin condition is most concerning and requires further evaluation?
New skin lesions, itching of a lesion and easy bleeding are the most common warning signs of which type of skin cancer?
New skin lesions, itching of a lesion and easy bleeding are the most common warning signs of which type of skin cancer?
Which of the following is a typical presentation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC)?
Which of the following is a typical presentation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC)?
Which form of skin cancer arises from malignant transformation of squamous cells?
Which form of skin cancer arises from malignant transformation of squamous cells?
What is a diagnostic feature often observed in biopsies of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?
What is a diagnostic feature often observed in biopsies of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?
A 68-year-old male presents with a firm, painless, red nodule on his scalp that bleeds easily. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A 68-year-old male presents with a firm, painless, red nodule on his scalp that bleeds easily. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
In the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which of the following factors would most strongly indicate the need to remove affected lymph nodes?
In the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which of the following factors would most strongly indicate the need to remove affected lymph nodes?
In distinguishing between bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris, which of the following is a characteristic feature of bullous pemphigoid?
In distinguishing between bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris, which of the following is a characteristic feature of bullous pemphigoid?
Which of the following autoantibodies is associated with Pemphigus vulgaris?
Which of the following autoantibodies is associated with Pemphigus vulgaris?
In the context of Dermatitis Herpetiformis, what is the significance of screening for Celiac disease?
In the context of Dermatitis Herpetiformis, what is the significance of screening for Celiac disease?
What is the primary dietary recommendation for managing Dermatitis Herpetiformis?
What is the primary dietary recommendation for managing Dermatitis Herpetiformis?
Which of the following blood test results would be most indicative of Dermatitis Herpetiformis?
Which of the following blood test results would be most indicative of Dermatitis Herpetiformis?
A skin biopsy of a patient with suspected Dermatitis Herpetiformis is performed. What finding on direct immunofluorescence would be considered pathognomonic for this condition?
A skin biopsy of a patient with suspected Dermatitis Herpetiformis is performed. What finding on direct immunofluorescence would be considered pathognomonic for this condition?
A patient is diagnosed with Dermatitis Herpetiformis. What other condition should they be screened for?
A patient is diagnosed with Dermatitis Herpetiformis. What other condition should they be screened for?
Which area of the body is least likely to be affected by pruritic vesicles and papules in Dermatitis Herpetiformis?
Which area of the body is least likely to be affected by pruritic vesicles and papules in Dermatitis Herpetiformis?
Which of the following factors is least likely to exacerbate atopic dermatitis?
Which of the following factors is least likely to exacerbate atopic dermatitis?
Elevated levels of which substance, produced by the nervous system, is associated with Atopic Dermatitis?
Elevated levels of which substance, produced by the nervous system, is associated with Atopic Dermatitis?
What is a typical characteristic symptom of acute urticaria?
What is a typical characteristic symptom of acute urticaria?
Which trigger is least associated with acute urticaria?
Which trigger is least associated with acute urticaria?
In the assessment of urticaria, what key physical finding is typically observed in the welts?
In the assessment of urticaria, what key physical finding is typically observed in the welts?
What is the primary characteristic of Miliaria Crystallina?
What is the primary characteristic of Miliaria Crystallina?
Which type of miliaria is commonly referred to as 'prickly heat'?
Which type of miliaria is commonly referred to as 'prickly heat'?
Which of the following is the least common form of heat rash?
Which of the following is the least common form of heat rash?
Which of the following lesions is more likely to develop in adults after multiple episodes of heat rash?
Which of the following lesions is more likely to develop in adults after multiple episodes of heat rash?
Which of the following skin conditions is classified as a benign tumor?
Which of the following skin conditions is classified as a benign tumor?
Which factor is most closely associated with the development of acrochordons?
Which factor is most closely associated with the development of acrochordons?
Which of the following is a typical characteristic of cherry angiomas?
Which of the following is a typical characteristic of cherry angiomas?
Which of the following pigmented lesions is directly related to chronic sun exposure?
Which of the following pigmented lesions is directly related to chronic sun exposure?
Development of Lentigo solar is associated with:
Development of Lentigo solar is associated with:
Which characteristic describes Melanocytic naevi?
Which characteristic describes Melanocytic naevi?
What feature regarding the development of pigmented lesions is most concerning?
What feature regarding the development of pigmented lesions is most concerning?
Which of the following best describes the functionality of cutaneous epithelium regarding membrane permeability, compared to oral mucosa?
Which of the following best describes the functionality of cutaneous epithelium regarding membrane permeability, compared to oral mucosa?
Which of the following is the most accurate description of a 'patch' in dermatology?
Which of the following is the most accurate description of a 'patch' in dermatology?
Which of the following features is most indicative of a 'cyst'?
Which of the following features is most indicative of a 'cyst'?
What is the composition of 'crusting' in the context of skin conditions?
What is the composition of 'crusting' in the context of skin conditions?
Which of the following is typically included in a general management strategy for skin disorders?
Which of the following is typically included in a general management strategy for skin disorders?
Which of the following is a common characteristic of rashes, irrespective of the underlying cause?
Which of the following is a common characteristic of rashes, irrespective of the underlying cause?
Which of the following is least likely to be initially classified as an inflammatory skin condition?
Which of the following is least likely to be initially classified as an inflammatory skin condition?
Which of the following is associated with triggering seborrheic dermatitis?
Which of the following is associated with triggering seborrheic dermatitis?
A patient presents with skin lesions displaying a 'cornflake crust'. Which condition is most likely?
A patient presents with skin lesions displaying a 'cornflake crust'. Which condition is most likely?
Which of the following is a definitive characteristic of shingles?
Which of the following is a definitive characteristic of shingles?
What is a typical symptom associated with measles?
What is a typical symptom associated with measles?
What is a common feature of folliculitis?
What is a common feature of folliculitis?
Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with acne?
Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with acne?
What is a possible trigger for rosacea?
What is a possible trigger for rosacea?
Which of the following is linked to perioral dermatitis?
Which of the following is linked to perioral dermatitis?
Which of the following is one of the '6 Ps' related to Lichen Planus?
Which of the following is one of the '6 Ps' related to Lichen Planus?
Which of these findings is often observed in nail psoriasis?
Which of these findings is often observed in nail psoriasis?
What is a characteristic feature of acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus?
What is a characteristic feature of acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus?
Regarding Erythema Multiforme, what condition should be considered if a patient presents with severe symptoms or is unwell?
Regarding Erythema Multiforme, what condition should be considered if a patient presents with severe symptoms or is unwell?
Which of the following best describes the appearance of Miliaria Crystallina?
Which of the following best describes the appearance of Miliaria Crystallina?
What factor is least likely to be associated with the development of skin tags (acrochordons)?
What factor is least likely to be associated with the development of skin tags (acrochordons)?
Which characteristic is associated with cherry angiomas?
Which characteristic is associated with cherry angiomas?
Ephelis, a common skin condition, is MOST related to which factor?
Ephelis, a common skin condition, is MOST related to which factor?
Concerning lentigo solar, which factor is most strongly associated with its development?
Concerning lentigo solar, which factor is most strongly associated with its development?
Which risk factor is not typically linked to skin cancer development?
Which risk factor is not typically linked to skin cancer development?
A patient shows a skin lesion with asymmetry, irregular borders, and varied colors. Which attribute is most concerning and requires further evaluation?
A patient shows a skin lesion with asymmetry, irregular borders, and varied colors. Which attribute is most concerning and requires further evaluation?
A patient presents with a new skin lesion reported to itch intermittently and bleeds easily when touched. Which type of skin cancer does this description most effectively support?
A patient presents with a new skin lesion reported to itch intermittently and bleeds easily when touched. Which type of skin cancer does this description most effectively support?
Among the following, what skin biopsy features would be most suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?
Among the following, what skin biopsy features would be most suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?
A 68-year-old male presents with a firm, painless, red nodule on his scalp that bleeds easily. What treatment is almost always indicated?
A 68-year-old male presents with a firm, painless, red nodule on his scalp that bleeds easily. What treatment is almost always indicated?
In considering various risk factors for skin cancer, which factor most directly elevates the risk of basal cell nevus syndrome?
In considering various risk factors for skin cancer, which factor most directly elevates the risk of basal cell nevus syndrome?
A patient presents with a rash characterized by raised welts that turn white when pressed. Which condition is most likely?
A patient presents with a rash characterized by raised welts that turn white when pressed. Which condition is most likely?
A patient diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma is undergoing treatment. Which of the following features would be most relevant in determining whether to remove affected lymph nodes?
A patient diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma is undergoing treatment. Which of the following features would be most relevant in determining whether to remove affected lymph nodes?
When is the screening for Celiac disease important in the context of Dermatitis Herpetiformis?
When is the screening for Celiac disease important in the context of Dermatitis Herpetiformis?
What is the primary dietary intervention recommended for individuals diagnosed with Dermatitis Herpetiformis?
What is the primary dietary intervention recommended for individuals diagnosed with Dermatitis Herpetiformis?
Where are the itchy vesicles and papules of Dermatitis Herpetiformis least likely to occur?
Where are the itchy vesicles and papules of Dermatitis Herpetiformis least likely to occur?
In assessing urticaria, what is a key physical finding typically observed in the welts?
In assessing urticaria, what is a key physical finding typically observed in the welts?
Which is the least common form of heat rash?
Which is the least common form of heat rash?
Which of the provided options is the best descriptor for melanocytic naevi?
Which of the provided options is the best descriptor for melanocytic naevi?
Which feature concerning the development of pigmented lesions is most concerning?
Which feature concerning the development of pigmented lesions is most concerning?
Which of the following best describes the appearance of a 'macule'?
Which of the following best describes the appearance of a 'macule'?
A patient has a skin condition described as a 'linear narrow erosion'. Which term is BEST used to define this lesion?
A patient has a skin condition described as a 'linear narrow erosion'. Which term is BEST used to define this lesion?
Which of the following is least associated with the causes of contact dermatitis?
Which of the following is least associated with the causes of contact dermatitis?
The appearance of 'Koplik spots' inside the mouth is characteristic of which childhood illness?
The appearance of 'Koplik spots' inside the mouth is characteristic of which childhood illness?
What is the underlying cause of folliculitis?
What is the underlying cause of folliculitis?
Which of the following is least likely to trigger rosacea symptoms?
Which of the following is least likely to trigger rosacea symptoms?
Which of the following features is most indicative of Lichen Planus?
Which of the following features is most indicative of Lichen Planus?
In the context of Erythema Multiforme (EM), which characteristic is most important to consider when differentiating it from Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)?
In the context of Erythema Multiforme (EM), which characteristic is most important to consider when differentiating it from Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)?
A patient presents with skin lesions characterized by granular IgA deposits at the dermal papillae. Which condition is indicated?
A patient presents with skin lesions characterized by granular IgA deposits at the dermal papillae. Which condition is indicated?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of cutaneous epithelium compared to oral mucosa regarding membrane permeability?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of cutaneous epithelium compared to oral mucosa regarding membrane permeability?
Which layer of the skin is responsible for mechanical support and elasticity due to its collagen and elastic fiber content?
Which layer of the skin is responsible for mechanical support and elasticity due to its collagen and elastic fiber content?
What primary substance is produced by sebaceous glands?
What primary substance is produced by sebaceous glands?
Which of the following accurately defines a 'macule'?
Which of the following accurately defines a 'macule'?
What key feature distinguishes a 'papule' from other skin lesions?
What key feature distinguishes a 'papule' from other skin lesions?
What is the hallmark characteristic of a 'pustule'?
What is the hallmark characteristic of a 'pustule'?
Which of the following is the most accurate description of a skin 'ulcer'?
Which of the following is the most accurate description of a skin 'ulcer'?
Which of the following is classified as a blood test?
Which of the following is classified as a blood test?
What is the primary purpose of using emulsifying ointments?
What is the primary purpose of using emulsifying ointments?
In the general management of skin disorders, what is the role of antihistamines?
In the general management of skin disorders, what is the role of antihistamines?
Which of the following is the primary symptom associated with contact dermatitis?
Which of the following is the primary symptom associated with contact dermatitis?
What feature is typically associated with rashes caused by insect bites?
What feature is typically associated with rashes caused by insect bites?
What clinical feature is most commonly observed in cases of impetigo?
What clinical feature is most commonly observed in cases of impetigo?
Shingles is characterized by which specific feature?
Shingles is characterized by which specific feature?
What is a characteristic symptom of measles?
What is a characteristic symptom of measles?
Which symptom below is commonly reported by patients with folliculitis?
Which symptom below is commonly reported by patients with folliculitis?
Which of the following is the primary characteristic of acne?
Which of the following is the primary characteristic of acne?
Which of the following is a common trigger for rosacea?
Which of the following is a common trigger for rosacea?
Which is associated with perioral dermatitis?
Which is associated with perioral dermatitis?
Regarding the signs and symptoms of Lichen Planus, what is the appearance of Wickham striae?
Regarding the signs and symptoms of Lichen Planus, what is the appearance of Wickham striae?
Which specific feature is commonly observed in nail psoriasis?
Which specific feature is commonly observed in nail psoriasis?
A patient presents with widespread raised welts on their skin that are intensely itchy. When pressed, the welts turn white. What condition is most likely?
A patient presents with widespread raised welts on their skin that are intensely itchy. When pressed, the welts turn white. What condition is most likely?
How are the vesicles and papules of Dermatitis Herpetiformis typically distributed?
How are the vesicles and papules of Dermatitis Herpetiformis typically distributed?
What is a key physical finding typically observed in urticarial welts?
What is a key physical finding typically observed in urticarial welts?
Which form of heat rash is characterized by clear, non-itchy vesicles that appear very close to the skin's surface?
Which form of heat rash is characterized by clear, non-itchy vesicles that appear very close to the skin's surface?
Which lesions are most likely to develop in an adult following repeated episodes of heat rash?
Which lesions are most likely to develop in an adult following repeated episodes of heat rash?
Acrochordons are associated with which of these conditions or factors?
Acrochordons are associated with which of these conditions or factors?
Which characteristic is consistently associated with cherry angiomas?
Which characteristic is consistently associated with cherry angiomas?
Which factor is most associated with the development of lentigo solar?
Which factor is most associated with the development of lentigo solar?
What features describe Melanocytic naevi?
What features describe Melanocytic naevi?
What is the primary cause of skin changes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
What is the primary cause of skin changes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
What specific finding on direct immunofluorescence is considered pathognomonic for Dermatitis Herpetiformis?
What specific finding on direct immunofluorescence is considered pathognomonic for Dermatitis Herpetiformis?
Which of the following skin conditions is often associated with 'prickly heat'?
Which of the following skin conditions is often associated with 'prickly heat'?
What is the key characteristic that differentiates a vesicle from a bulla?
What is the key characteristic that differentiates a vesicle from a bulla?
A patient presents with small, raised, flesh-colored bumps deep within the skin that are tender to the touch, after spending an extended period in a hot, humid environment. Which condition is most likely?
A patient presents with small, raised, flesh-colored bumps deep within the skin that are tender to the touch, after spending an extended period in a hot, humid environment. Which condition is most likely?
Which of the following factors is most closely associated with an increased risk of skin tag (acrochordon) development?
Which of the following factors is most closely associated with an increased risk of skin tag (acrochordon) development?
Which of the following is the most concerning feature of a melanocytic nevus that would indicate a higher risk of malignancy?
Which of the following is the most concerning feature of a melanocytic nevus that would indicate a higher risk of malignancy?
Which factor below is least associated with triggering rosacea symptoms?
Which factor below is least associated with triggering rosacea symptoms?
Hyperpigmentation, also known as melasma, observed on sun-exposed skin is primarily due to increased:
Hyperpigmentation, also known as melasma, observed on sun-exposed skin is primarily due to increased:
Which of the following is a diagnostic feature often observed in biopsies of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?
Which of the following is a diagnostic feature often observed in biopsies of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?
A 70-year-old patient presents with a history of sun exposure. Examination reveals a small, nodular lesion with a rolled border and telangiectasias on the nose. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 70-year-old patient presents with a history of sun exposure. Examination reveals a small, nodular lesion with a rolled border and telangiectasias on the nose. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding the general difference between cutaneous epithelium and oral mucosa?
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding the general difference between cutaneous epithelium and oral mucosa?
Flashcards
Epidermis
Epidermis
The outer layer of the skin, providing a protective barrier.
Dermis
Dermis
Provides the skin's structural support, containing blood vessels, nerve endings, and glands.
Lesion
Lesion
A lesion is a single area of altered skin, differing in appearance from the surrounding skin.
Rash
Rash
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Dermatosis
Dermatosis
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Erosion
Erosion
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Fissure
Fissure
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Ulcer
Ulcer
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Atrophy
Atrophy
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Crusting
Crusting
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Macule
Macule
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Patch
Patch
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Papule
Papule
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Nodule
Nodule
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Cyst
Cyst
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Plaque
Plaque
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Vesicle
Vesicle
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Bulla
Bulla
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Abscess
Abscess
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Pustule
Pustule
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Rashes
Rashes
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Erythema Multiforme (EM)
Erythema Multiforme (EM)
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EM Minor
EM Minor
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EM Major
EM Major
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Cutaneous Epithelium
Cutaneous Epithelium
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Oral Mucosa
Oral Mucosa
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Rashes Causes
Rashes Causes
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Rashes Symptoms
Rashes Symptoms
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Typical EM lesions
Typical EM lesions
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Insect bites
Insect bites
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Acne
Acne
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Rosacea
Rosacea
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Lichen Planus - 6 P's
Lichen Planus - 6 P's
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Psoriasis
Psoriasis
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
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Contact dermatitis Rash
Contact dermatitis Rash
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Seborrheic dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis
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Shingles - infection
Shingles - infection
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Folliculitis
Folliculitis
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Dermoscopy
Dermoscopy
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Topical/Systemic Steroids
Topical/Systemic Steroids
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Immunosuppressants
Immunosuppressants
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Immunomodulators
Immunomodulators
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Surgery for skin disorders
Surgery for skin disorders
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Allergy test
Allergy test
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Swabs and Smears
Swabs and Smears
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Biopsy
Biopsy
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Imaging
Imaging
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Chemical-induced rashes
Chemical-induced rashes
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Natural Ingredient Rashes
Natural Ingredient Rashes
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Malassezia or seborrheic Dermatitis
Malassezia or seborrheic Dermatitis
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Connective tissue disorders
Connective tissue disorders
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Impetigo
Impetigo
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Bullous Pemphigoid
Bullous Pemphigoid
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Pemphigus Vulgaris
Pemphigus Vulgaris
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Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
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Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
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Urticaria (Hives)
Urticaria (Hives)
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Miliaria (Heat Rash)
Miliaria (Heat Rash)
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Miliaria Rubra
Miliaria Rubra
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Seborrheic Keratosis
Seborrheic Keratosis
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Skin tags
Skin tags
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Warts
Warts
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Cherry angioma
Cherry angioma
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Ephelis (Freckles)
Ephelis (Freckles)
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Lentigo Solar (Age Spots)
Lentigo Solar (Age Spots)
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Melanocytic Naevi
Melanocytic Naevi
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Tattoo
Tattoo
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Malignant melanoma
Malignant melanoma
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Basal Cell Carcinoma (BBC)
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BBC)
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
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ABCDE signs of Melanoma
ABCDE signs of Melanoma
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Dermatitis Herpetiformis (treatment)
Dermatitis Herpetiformis (treatment)
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Rosacea (causes)
Rosacea (causes)
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Age with Pemphigus vulgaris
Age with Pemphigus vulgaris
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Age with Bullous pemphigoid
Age with Bullous pemphigoid
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Mucous membrane involvement with Pemphigus vulgaris
Mucous membrane involvement with Pemphigus vulgaris
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Mucous membrane involvement with Bullous pemphigoid
Mucous membrane involvement with Bullous pemphigoid
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Autoantibodies with Pemphigus vulgaris
Autoantibodies with Pemphigus vulgaris
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Autoantibodies with Bullous pemphigoid
Autoantibodies with Bullous pemphigoid
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Nikolsky's sign with Pemphigus vulgaris
Nikolsky's sign with Pemphigus vulgaris
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Nikolsky's sign with Bullous pemphigoid
Nikolsky's sign with Bullous pemphigoid
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Prognosis of Pemphigus vulgaris
Prognosis of Pemphigus vulgaris
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Prognosis of Bullous pemphigoid
Prognosis of Bullous pemphigoid
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Rosacea (description)
Rosacea (description)
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Urticaria (Causes)
Urticaria (Causes)
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Miliaria Pustulosa
Miliaria Pustulosa
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Miliaria Crystalline
Miliaria Crystalline
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Miliaria Profunda
Miliaria Profunda
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Miliaria Rubra (description)
Miliaria Rubra (description)
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Basal Cell Carcinoma prevention
Basal Cell Carcinoma prevention
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) - causes
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) - causes
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma - description
Squamous Cell Carcinoma - description
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Dermoscope use
Dermoscope use
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Emulsifying ointments
Emulsifying ointments
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Oatmeal baths
Oatmeal baths
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Antihistamines
Antihistamines
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Allergy tests (skin)
Allergy tests (skin)
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Chemical contact dermatitis
Chemical contact dermatitis
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Natural chemical rashes
Natural chemical rashes
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Animals sting rashes.
Animals sting rashes.
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Seborrheic dermatitis cause
Seborrheic dermatitis cause
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Impetigo cause
Impetigo cause
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Shingles Rash
Shingles Rash
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Ephelis
Ephelis
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Letigo Solar
Letigo Solar
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Contact Dermatitis
Contact Dermatitis
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Insect bites & stings
Insect bites & stings
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Shingles
Shingles
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Perioral Dermatitis
Perioral Dermatitis
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Lichen Planus
Lichen Planus
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Rashes from Chemicals
Rashes from Chemicals
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Rashes from nature
Rashes from nature
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Malassezia
Malassezia
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Erythema Multiform Minor
Erythema Multiform Minor
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Measles infection
Measles infection
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Childhood moles
Childhood moles
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Study Notes
Skin vs. Oral Mucosa
- Cutaneous epithelium includes the arrector pili muscle, sebum, sebaceous gland, and sweat gland.
- Cutaneous epithelium permeability pathways are intracellular, transappendageal, transcellular, and through pores and hair follicles.
- Oral mucosa consists of mucins, histatins, peptides, peroxidase, and growth factors.
- The oral cavity exhibits saliva and salivary glands
- Cutaneous epithelium functionality includes increased membrane permeability, cell proliferation, amino acid metabolism, angiogenesis, and scarring.
- Oral mucosa functionality includes decreased membrane permeability, increased mechanical trauma, increased infection from bacteremia, and decreased inflammation and scarring
Describing Skin Conditions
- Lesion: A single area of altered skin
- Rash: A widespread eruption of lesions
- Dermatosis: A generic term for a skin disease
Describing Skin Conditions - Morphology
- Macule: Small & flat alteration in color
- Patch: Large & smooth alteration in color
- Papule: Elevated & solid, less than 1cm
- Nodule: Elevated & solid, greater than 1cm
- Cyst: Papule/nodule filled with fluid
- Plaque: Circumscribed & possibly elevated, greater than 1cm
- Vesicle: Small blister, less than 1cm
- Bulla: Large blister, greater than 1cm
- Pustule: Circumscribed & filled with pus
- Abscess: Localized collection of pus
- Erosion: Superficial/partial destruction of the epidermis
- Fissure: Linear/narrow erosion/ulcer
- Ulcer: Full loss of epidermis & portion of dermis +/- subcutaneous tissue
- Atrophy: Reduction of epidermal +/- thickness
- Crusting: Dried exudate (plasma, blood combo)
Skin Disorders - Examination, Investigations, General Management
- Examination: Dermoscope
- Investigations: Allergy tests, blood tests, swabs and smears, biopsy, and imaging
- General management: Emulsifying ointments, oatmeal baths, antihistamines, topical/systemic steroids, antibiotics/antifungals, immunosuppressants, immunomodulators, and surgery
Skin Disorders - Head and Neck Focus
- The text relates to skin disorders affecting the head and neck region
- These disorders include rashes, benign tumors of the skin, pigmented lesions, and skin cancer
Rashes - Changes in Color, Texture, Feel of Skin Surface
- Causes: Chemicals (latex, soaps, dyes, etc.), natural ingredients (poison ivy, stinging nettles), animals (jellyfish, insect bites/stings)
- Symptoms: Blistering, redness, scaly or dry skin, blotchiness, swelling or inflammation, itchy skin, pain, infection of broken skin areas, shiny flat-topped bumps
Rashes
- Types: Contact dermatitis, insect bites/stings, infection, seborrheic dermatitis, impetigo, shingles, childhood diseases, folliculitis, inflammatory skin conditions
- Inflammatory skin conditions include: Acne, Rosacea and Perioral dermatitis.
- Immune mediated: Lichen Planus, Psoriasis, Connective Tissue Disorders, Bullous Diseases, Dermatitis Herpetiformis, Allergies, Atopic Dermatitis, Urticaria and Heat.
Rashes - Contact Dermatitis
- Causes: chemicals in elastic/latex/rubber, cosmetics, soaps, detergents, chemicals in clothing (dyes/other), natural chemicals (poison ivy, jellyfish)
- Symptoms: Erythema, pruritus, vesicles, dryness
Rashes - Insect Bites
- Caused by: Mosquitos, ticks, mites, lice, bees/wasps/hornets, fleas/flies/spiders.
- Symptoms: Pain, swelling (lump), erythema, pruritus
Rashes - Seborrheic Dermatitis
- Caused by: Malassezia (harmless yeast)
- Localized: Scalp (dandruff), face, ears, torso, skin folds
- Triggers: fatigue, stress, cold/dry weather
- Symptoms: Erythema, Pruritus, flaking skin
Rashes - Impetigo
- Caused by: Staph aureus, strep pyogenes
- Common among children
- May be either non-bullous or bullous
- Symptoms: Erythematous lesions, cornflake crust, pruritus, pain
Rashes - Shingles
- Caused by: Varicella-zoster virus
- Secondary, latent
- Symptoms: Headache, unwell feeling. Symptoms include rash restricted to one side, blisters that burst.
Rashes - Childhood Illnesses
- Childhood illnesses include: Measles and German Measles
Rashes - Folliculitis
- Folliculitis symptoms include Bumps/pimples around hair follicles, Pus-filled blisters that crust, Pruritus and Pain/ Burning.
Rashes - Acne
- Acne symptoms include Spots, Oily skin and Hot Skin. The face, back and chest can be affected
- Causes from Secondary bacterial infections, and Hormones/Genetics/Medications
Rashes - Rosacea
- Rosacea Causes an unknown, common Triggers in include alcohol, spicy foods, hot drinks, sunlight, hot or cold temperatures, aerobic exercise, and being stressed are common triggers.
Rashes- Perioral Dermatitis
- Related to steroids, Topical steroid creams or Inhaled prescription steroid sprays can contribute
- Lifestyle choices, include heavy face creams and fluorinated Toothpaste and also caused by gum chewing and dental fillings.
- Other is hormonal changes and dysfunction to the the epidermal barrier and related other cutaneous microflora or dermatitis.
Rashes - Immunological Mediated Disease - LP
- LP includes Pruritus, Planar, Polygonal, Purple, Plaques, Papules
- Classic lichen planus
- Typical Appearances: Oral Lichen Planus and Violet- flat topped papules with nail scarring.
Rashes - Immunological Mediated Disease - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (LE)
- The condition involves an immune response that creates inflammation and leads to tissue damage. It can affect many body systems, including the joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart and lungs.
- Types of cutaneous lupus erythematosus include acute cutaneous lupus, "butterfly rash," subacute cutaneous, and chronic cutaneous lupus.
- Systemic lupus erythematosus triggers issues to heart, lungs, Kidney and Skin.
- Diagnoses requires identifying ulcers
Rashes - Immunological Mediated Disease - EM
- Erythema multiforme (EM) is a Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
- Skin lesions are acute, 24-48h appearance with distribution extremities (ears). They are often small around 3cm.
- EM Minor has no mucosa involvement; EM Major involves one or more mucosa (e.g. eyes, GU, GI tract
- The most common causes includes infections or Medications.
Benign Tumors of the Skin - Seborrheic Keratosis
- Most common benign skin neoplasm
- Unknown origin
- More frequent with age
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