Integumentary System Overview

Moist membranes lining body cavities open to the exterior, often adapted for absorption or secretion.

Secretions produced by many mucosae, often for protection and lubrication.

Membranes lining closed body cavities, composed of simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue.

The part of a serous membrane lining the cavity wall.

The part of a serous membrane covering the organ(s).

Thin, clear fluid secreted by serous membranes, reducing friction between organs and cavity walls.

Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering its organs.

Serous membranes surrounding the lungs.

Serous membranes surrounding the heart.

Connective tissue membranes lining joint capsules, bursae, and tendon sheaths, secreting lubricating fluid to reduce friction.

The body's outer covering (skin) and its appendages (hair, nails, glands).

The skin protects against mechanical, chemical, thermal, UV radiation, and microbial damage.

Skin's capillary network and sweat glands help regulate body temperature.

Skin removes waste products like urea, salts, and water through sweat.

Skin produces vitamin D, a crucial nutrient.

Small sacs of connective tissue cushioning organs during movement.

Tube-like structures that cushion tendons moving across bones.

The skin's uppermost layer helps prevent water loss from the body.

Loop and whorl patterns on fingertips and soles, increasing friction for gripping.

Unique sweat films left on surfaces by fingertips.

Deepest skin layer with blood vessels, glands, and pressure receptors.

Deep pressure receptors in the skin.

Nerve endings detecting touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.

Immune cells in the skin preventing microbial penetration.

Tough fibers in the dermis, providing strength and hydration.

Fibers in the dermis maintaining skin elasticity.

Skin's ability to stretch and return to its original shape, decreases with age.

Loss of elasticity in skin due to age-related decrease in collagen and elastic fibers.

Blood vessels in dermis constrict or dilate as needed to maintain body temperature.

Pale skin can be a sign of emotional stress, anemia, low blood pressure, or reduced blood flow to the area.

Yellow skin, caused by excess bile in the blood, usually indicating a liver problem.

Black-and-blue marks where blood has escaped the circulation and clotted in tissue spaces.

Bluish skin color due to poorly oxygenated hemoglobin.

Oil glands found on skin (except palms and soles), responsible for producing sebum.

Oily substance produced by sebaceous glands that keeps skin soft and moist and helps prevent bacterial infections.

Exocrine glands, including sebaceous and sweat glands, releasing secretions to the skin surface.

Three main types: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.

The most common, least malignant skin cancer, usually arising from the stratum basale.

Arises from the stratum spinosum, grows rapidly, and metastasizes more easily than BCC.

Cancer of melanocytes, accounts for a small percentage of skin cancers, but can be deadly.

Overexposure to UV radiation (sunlight or tanning beds) and chronic skin irritation.

Shiny, dome-shaped nodules with a central ulcer and pearly edges, often found on sun-exposed areas.

Scaly, reddened papules transitioning to shallow ulcers with firm, raised borders.

Spreading brown to black patch, often developing from a mole, rapidly metastasizes.

The spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body.

Structure in the skin that produces hair.

Visible part of the hair extending from the skin.

Part of the hair embedded in the skin.

Base of the hair follicle where hair growth begins.

Growth zone of the hair bulb where hair cells divide and multiply.

Process that makes hair cells hard and waterproof.

Central core of the hair, containing air spaces and large cells.

Outer layer of the hair shaft, composed of multiple flattened cells.

Guards against bumps, shields eyes, and keeps out particles.

Hair can help retain body heat, especially in cold conditions.

Hair contributes to attractiveness and self-image.

The development of hairy regions in the body are influenced by hormones.