Skin Theory Flashcards 112.1 - 112.12

Skin Functions and Structure

• Skin regulates body temperature and provides protection.
• The epidermis does not contain blood vessels.
• Mitosis, or skin cell replacement, occurs in the stratum basale.
• Melanin is the pigment responsible for skin color.

Skin Layers

• The stratum lucidum is exclusively found on the soles of feet and palms of hands.
• Collagen and elastin fibers that offer support and elasticity are in the dermal layer, particularly the stratum granulosum.
• The subcutaneous layer, below the dermis, consists of adipose (fatty) and loose connective tissue.

Glands and Secretions

• Sweat is produced by sudoriferous (sweat) glands, with the highest concentration found on palms, soles, scalp, forehead, and underarms.
• Sebum, an oil produced by sebaceous glands, combines with sweat to form the acid mantle, crucial for skin barrier function.
• Most skin problems stem from issues associated with sebaceous glands.

Skin Types and Conditions

• Oily skin is characterized by a rough texture with blackheads and enlarged pores.
• Combination skin features a shiny T-zone with both oily and dry areas.
• Dry skin can be identified by peeling and flaking.

Skin Anatomy

• The skin has six basic functions: sensation, heat regulation, absorption, protection, excretion, and secretion.
• It consists of three main layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous.
• The epidermis is also referred to as the cuticle or scarf layer and contains five distinct layers.

Epidermis Details

• The five layers of the epidermis: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale.
• Keratinocytes and epithelial cells primarily compose the epidermis.
• Basic melanin is genetically inherited, while hyperpigmentation results from external factors.

Specific Layer Functions

• The stratum corneum is the uppermost layer, crucial for maintaining moisture balance and protected by the acid mantle.
• It is also known as the horny layer and contains keratin protein cells.
• The stratum lucidum reduces friction between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum, featuring squamous cells.
• Cells in the stratum granulosum take on a more regular shape and appear grain-like.

Additional Notes

• The stratum corneum is continuously shed, ensuring skin renewal.
• The subcutaneous layer acts as a shock absorber, protecting underlying bones.