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Skin Pigmentation Quiz
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Skin Pigmentation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a sensation detected by free nerve endings?

  • Pressure (correct)
  • Warmth
  • Pain
  • Itching

    • Why is knowledge of tension lines important for plastic surgeons?

  • To avoid nerve damage during surgery
  • To determine the thickness of the skin
  • To know where to make incisions for faster healing
  • To align incisions with tensile forces for better healing (correct)

    • In which region of the skin are blood vessels, nerves, and glands found in between collagen fibers?

  • Reticular region (correct)
  • Subcutaneous layer
  • Epidermal ridges
  • Papillary region

    • What is the primary function of epidermal ridges in the skin?

    <p>To increase friction and grip strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the differences in skin color among individuals?

    <p>Amount of melanin, hemoglobin, and carotene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are epidermal ridges produced during fetal development?

    <p>1st trimester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of arrector pili muscle?

    <p>Causing hair to stand perpendicular to the skin under stress or cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer forms the major part of the hair shaft?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sebaceous glands in relation to hair?

    <p>To keep the hair oiled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does chemotherapy affect hair growth?

    <p>Stops rapidly dividing cells in the hair matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the regression phase of hair growth?

    <p>Hair matrix stops dividing, follicle shrinks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of a hair strand made of?

    <p>Cuticle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of light freckles (ephelides)?

    <p>Inherited condition in light-skinned individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of jaundice?

    <p>Yellow pigment buildup in skin and eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes vitiligo?

    <p>Complete loss of melanocytes in patches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from the inability to produce melanin?

    <p>Albinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of age spots (liver spots)?

    <p>Sunburn freckles due to UV exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are tattoos injected to make them permanent?

    <p>Dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glands are found in the external ear?

    <p>Ceruminous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Ceruminous glands in the ear?

    <p>Prevent entrance of foreign bodies and waterproof the ear canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the body is characterized by a pigmented area around the nipples?

    <p>Areolae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the activity of apocrine glands during puberty?

    <p>Stress and sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of nails?

    <p>Protect the fingertip from infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can overproduction of cerumen in the ear be treated?

    <p>Ear irrigation with enzymes or warm liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of sebaceous glands in the skin?

    <p>Produce oils to prevent the skin from drying out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the skin shields the body from harmful UV rays?

    <p>Melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the skin alerts the immune system and helps in defending against pathogens?

    <p>Intraepidermal macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dermal macrophages in the skin?

    <p>Phagocytose bacteria and viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of the skin involves controlling blood flow to the dermis and producing sweat at the surface?

    <p>Thermoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the epidermis in the integumentary system?

    <p>Produce keratin for protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the nail matrix in nail growth?

    <p>Mitotic cell division for nail growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does aging have on the number of fibroblasts in the skin?

    <p>Decrease in fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of reduced immune response due to decreased intraepidermal macrophages?

    <p>Increased risk of skin infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dermal fillers in anti-aging treatments?

    <p>Plump up skin and smooth wrinkles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does microdermabrasion work as an anti-aging treatment?

    <p>Using crystals to vacuum/scrub skin surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does decreased size of sebaceous glands have on the skin?

    <p>Dry, cracked skin and elevated infection risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do chemical peels contribute to anti-aging treatments?

    <p>Removing surface layers with mild acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of botox in anti-aging treatments?

    <p>Paralyzing muscles to reduce wrinkles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of dark freckles (letigines)?

    <p>Result from overexposure to UV light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by irregular white spots due to complete loss of melanocytes?

    <p>Vitiligo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin condition results from an inherited inability to produce melanin?

    <p>Albinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in the skin are tattoos injected to make them permanent?

    <p>Dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the skin stores carotene, a precursor of Vitamin A?

    <p>Stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes skin to appear blue (cyanosis) in certain areas?

    <p>Low oxygen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin condition is characterized by an increased amount of melanin in the epidermis?

    <p>Dark-skinned individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin condition is associated with liver disease or lack of liver development?

    <p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of arrector pili muscles in the integumentary system?

    <p>Contracting under stress, causing goosebumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of a hair strand forms the major part of the shaft?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the initiation of nerve impulses in the hair root plexus?

    <p>Stretching from movement detected by dendrites of neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of hair growth do hair follicles shrink and stop dividing?

    <p>Regression phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of sebaceous glands in relation to hair?

    <p>Preventing brittle and cracking hair by keeping it oiled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is hair affected by chemotherapy?

    <p>Chemotherapy halts rapidly dividing cells in the hair matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of skin glands in the integumentary system?

    <p>To produce oils for lubrication and hydration of skin and hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the visible part of a hair strand primarily composed of?

    <p>Keratinized dead cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for producing the pigment melanin that gives color to the skin?

    <p>Melanocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of calcitriol, the active hormone produced in the liver and kidney?

    <p>To absorb calcium from foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the epidermis forms new cells and contains stem cells to produce new keratinocytes?

    <p>Stratum Basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium makes up the epidermis?

    <p>Stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are involved in the immune response and come from red bone marrow?

    <p>Langerhan’s cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure binds the stratum basale cells together in the epidermis?

    <p>Desmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of tactile epithelial (Merkel) cells in the epidermis?

    <p>Detect touch sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the epidermis contains tough protein keratin formed from keratinocytes?

    <p>Stratum Corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of sebaceous glands in the skin?

    <p>Prevent water loss from the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sweat glands are located in areas such as the forehead, palms, and soles of the feet?

    <p>Eccrine/Merocrine sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland directly secretes onto the surface of the skin in areas like lips, glans penis, and labia minora?

    <p>Sebaceous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT typically found in the secretion produced by eccrine/merocrine sweat glands?

    <p>Melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During puberty, what happens to the sebaceous glands?

    <p>Grow in size and increase secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of gland releases secretions by exocytosis onto the skin through pores?

    <p>Eccrine/Merocrine sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Integumentary System

    • Largest organ of the body, covering approximately 2 m²
    • Composed of epidermis (epithelial tissue), dermis (connective tissue), and subcutaneous layer (sub Q or hypodermis)
    • Functions: thermoregulation, blood reservoir, protection, cutaneous sensations, excretion, and absorption

    Epidermis

    • Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
    • Composed of 4 cell types: keratinocytes (90%), melanocytes, intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhan's cells), and tactile epithelial cells
    • 5 layers: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum

    Skin Color

    • Determined by amount of melanin, hemoglobin, and carotene
    • Melanin: produced by melanocytes, pale yellow to reddish brown to black
    • Freckles: areas of accumulation of melanin, light (ephelidiz) or dark (letigines)
    • Vitiligo: irregular white spots in patches where complete loss of melanocytes occur

    Hair

    • Shape: round straight hair, oval wavy hair, kidney-shaped curly hair
    • Hair root: 3 concentric layers that can penetrate the dermis and sometime sub-Q
    • Hair follicle: surrounds root, 2 layered sheath, and arrector pili smooth muscle
    • Sebaceous glands: surround hair to keep it oiled, preventing brittle, cracking hair

    Hair Growth

    • Normally lose 70-100 hairs/day
    • Visible hair is dead: fully keratinized
    • 3 phases of growth: growth phase (85% of the time, 2-6 years), regression phase (hair matrix stops dividing), and resting phase (15% of the time, 3 months)

    Skin Glands

    • Exocrine glands of the skin
    • Sebaceous glands: simple branched acinar glands, connected to hair follicles, secreting sebum
    • Sudoriferous glands: release secretions by exocytosis, empty secretions onto skin through pores or into hair follicles
    • Eccrine/Merocrine sweat glands: most of the body, simple coiled tubular, fxn by exocytosis of secretory vesicles
    • Apocrine sweat glands: larger ducts, simple coiled tubular, stimulated during stress and sex, not for thermoregulation

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    Chapter_5_Integumentary_System (1).pdf

    Description

    Test your knowledge on skin pigmentation, including freckles, age spots, moles, albinism, and vitiligo. Learn about the causes, characteristics, and differences between these various skin conditions.

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