Skin Microbiome and Bacteria Quiz

<p>Acne vulgaris. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acquired resistance genes from other species. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing an antibacterial shield (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can promote or limit pathogen growth based on commensal interactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malassezia spp. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sampling methods and environmental factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epidermis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure accurate assessment of species diversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both surface and deeper skin layers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sebum secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Propionibacterium spp. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barrier integrity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin microbiome varies significantly based on moisture and sebum levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can influence microbial population dynamics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malassezia spp. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of biofilms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cesarean section (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contribute to thermoregulation and acidify the skin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Groin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sebum content (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify spatial distribution and variation in skin microbiome. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By creating a barrier against external pathogens. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swab (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lubricating and providing an antibacterial shield (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The skin’s consistent exposure to environmental factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It limits S.aureus colonization in some cases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forming biofilms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It poses a serious risk in hospital infections. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces coproporphyrin that promotes S.aureus aggregation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus epidermidis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect against host defenses and antibiotics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It dominates in skin niches at varying densities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It impacts both negatively and positively. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Propionibacterium acnes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus epidermidis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malassezia globosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive and cocci (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moist skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blocks harmful pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Propionibacterium acnes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malassezia restricta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It disrupts the existing balance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus mitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretion of antimicrobial peptides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can have both beneficial and detrimental effects depending on their balance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By interaction with environmental factors and individual health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epidermis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swabbing the skin surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide an antibacterial shield. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sampling method used. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moist regions are predominantly colonized by different bacterial taxa. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow for a variety of microorganisms to adapt and thrive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The face and back. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Propionibacterium acnes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malassezia restricta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive cocci that form clusters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus epidermidis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acting as an accidental pathogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus warneri (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malassezia globosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malassezia spp. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Butyrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By modifying microbial diversity and composition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corynebacterium spp. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mode of delivery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commensal bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promotion of biofilms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Propionibacterium and Staphylococcus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The variety of microorganisms living on the skin.

The roles of microorganisms on the skin, including protecting against pathogens.

Changes in the skin microbiome throughout a person's life.

How skin microbes sometimes prevent or encourage pathogen growth.

The fungal part of the skin microbiome, like Malassezia.

Connections between the skin microbiome and the oral, gut, and lung microbiomes.

Beneficial microbes living in the lungs, contributing to health.

Microbes can be found at different depths in the skin and the sampling method affects what is found.

The skin microbiome is not uniform; different microenvironments (e.g., oily vs. dry areas) have varying microbial populations.

Methods to sample the skin microbiome (like swabs or biopsies) affect which microbes are identified.

The outermost layer of the skin, where many microbes in the skin microbiome are found.

Different parts of the skin have varying conditions (e.g. moisture, oil, temperature).

Areas of the skin where oil production is higher.

Areas of the skin where moisture is higher. The face isn't the only example.

Areas of the skin with low moisture levels.

The skin is colonized by diverse bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

Bacteria like Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium; fungi like Malassezia are prevalent on skin.

Appropriate microflora can enhance wound healing by interacting with the immune system.

Skin microbiome diversity depends on moisture and sebum levels.

Diet, UV exposure, and delivery mode influence the skin's initial microbiome.

Biofilms and harmful bacteria like MRSA can negatively impact wound healing.

Newborn babies' initial skin colonization depends on delivery mode (vaginal vs. C-section).

A common bacterium found on human skin, often residing in the upper layers of the epidermis. It can be a source of infections, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems.

S. epidermidis can acquire resistance to antibiotics through mechanisms such as genetic exchange with other bacteria, plasmids, and phages.

A type of bacteria primarily residing in hair follicles, playing a role in acne development. It produces an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) called cutimycin to compete with other bacteria.

An antimicrobial peptide (AMP) produced by Cutibacterium acnes. It inhibits the growth of other bacteria, like Staphylococcus epidermidis, by disrupting their cell membranes.

A genus of fungi commonly found on the skin of humans and animals, known for its association with dandruff, eczema, and other skin conditions. It requires lipids for growth, making those areas with sebaceous glands a preferred habitat.

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) produces a molecule called coproporphyrin III, which promotes the aggregation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) cells.

Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) produces a protease called Esp that inhibits the formation of biofilms by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

Lantibiotics are antimicrobial peptides produced by some bacteria, including Staphylococcus lugdunensis and Staphylococcus hominis. They specifically target Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

Biofilms are a protective layer formed by bacteria, shielding them from antibiotics, host immune responses, and other environmental stresses.

MRSA stands for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It's a strain of S. aureus resistant to many common antibiotics, leading to serious infections.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is generally harmless in normal environments like skin and mucous membranes. However, it can cause infections when it enters wounds.

The skin microbiome plays a crucial role in regulating S. aureus colonization and biofilm formation. Some bacteria inhibit S. aureus growth, while others promote it.

Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) is a dominant colonizer of moist skin sites. It occupies various niches, including the epidermis and hair follicle.

The skin's microbiome acts as the first line of defense against external threats like pathogens.

While typically harmless, Staphylococcus epidermidis can cause infections if the skin's barrier is compromised.

The top 10 most abundant bacterial species on dry skin are: Propionibacterium acnes, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, Streptococcus sanguinis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus capitis, and Veillonella parvula.

The top 10 most abundant bacterial species on moist skin are: Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, Staphylococcus hominis, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus capitis, Corynebacterium fastidiosum, Micrococcus luteus, Enhydrobacter aerosaccus, Corynebacterium simulans, and Corynebacterium afermentans.

The top 10 most abundant bacterial species on sebaceous skin are: Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, Staphylococcus capitis, Corynebacterium simulans, Streptococcus mitis, Staphylococcus hominis, Corynebacterium aurimucosum, Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii, and Corynebacterium amycolatum.

The top 10 most abundant bacterial species on foot skin are: Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Micrococcus luteus, Corynebacterium afermentans, Corynebacterium simulans, and Corynebacterium resistens.

Malassezia restricta, Malassezia globosa, Aspergillus tubingensis, Candida parapsilosis, Zymoseptoria tritici, Tilletia walkeri, Pyramimonas parkeae and Trichophyton rubrum are some of the eukaryotic species that are abundant on the skin.

Aureoumbra lagunensis, Pycnococcus provasolii, Parachlorella kessleri, Nephroselmis olivacea, Gracilaria tenuistipitata, Epidermophyton floccosum, Nannizzia nana and Trichophyton mentagrophytes are some viral species that are abundant on the skin.

Wounds or cuts disrupt the skin's barrier, allowing pathogens to enter and potentially cause infection.

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a gram-positive coccus bacteria that forms clusters and is a facultative anaerobe.

A type of bacteria mostly found in hair follicles, known for producing an antimicrobial peptide.

Different areas of the skin have unique conditions like moisture, oil levels, and temperature, influencing which microbes thrive.

Skin can be classified as sebaceous (oily), moist, or dry based on its moisture and oil content. These types provide different environments for microbes.

The skin microbiome helps train the immune system by constantly interacting with it, leading to a stronger defense against pathogens.

The composition of the skin microbiome varies depending on factors like location on the body, age, genetics, and even hygiene.

The skin microbiome plays a crucial role in protecting against pathogens, contributing to immune system development, and helping with wound healing.

The skin microbiome plays a vital role in protecting us from harmful microbes and helps maintain skin health.

The most common bacteria on the skin belong to the genera Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium.

The most common fungus on the skin is Malassezia. It consumes sebum, making oily areas its favorite habitat.

The way a baby is born (vaginally or via C-section) greatly influences the initial skin microbiome composition.

UV exposure can influence vitamin D production and the composition of the skin microbiome.

A healthy skin microbiome can enhance wound healing by interacting with the immune system.

Biofilms are protective layers formed by bacteria that can make wounds more susceptible to infections, especially from MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria.

Wounds or cuts disrupt the skin's barrier, allowing pathogens to enter and potentially cause infection. This disrupts the balance of the skin microbiome.

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a gram-positive coccus bacteria that forms clusters. It's a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can survive with or without oxygen.

The 10 most common bacteria on dry skin are: Propionibacterium acnes, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, Streptococcus sanguinis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus capitis, and Veillonella parvula.

The 10 most common bacteria on moist skin are: Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, Staphylococcus hominis, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus capitis, Corynebacterium fastidiosum, Micrococcus luteus, Enhydrobacter aerosaccus, Corynebacterium simulans, and Corynebacterium afermentans.

The 10 most common bacteria on sebaceous skin are: Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, Staphylococcus capitis, Corynebacterium simulans, Streptococcus mitis, Staphylococcus hominis, Corynebacterium aurimucosum, Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii, and Corynebacterium amycolatum.